The invention provides a parking braking control system for railway vehicles. The parking braking control system comprises a parking cylinder and a double-pulse solenoid valve or a two-position three-way solenoid valve; a compression spring is arranged in the parking cylinder; one end of the compression spring is connected with the bottom of the parking cylinder and the other end of the compression spring is connected with a piston in the parking cylinder; the output end of the double-pulse solenoid valve or the two-position three-way solenoid valve is connected with the parking cylinder, and the input end of the double-pulse solenoid valve or the two-position three-way solenoid valve is connected with a wind source; when a vehicle runs, the wind source enters the parking cylinder through the double-pulse solenoid valve or the two-position three-way solenoid valve to compress the compression spring; when the vehicle is needed to be parked for a long time, the double-pulse solenoid valve or the two-position three-way solenoid valve acts through an operation button to discharge the compression air in the parking cylinder to atmosphere, the compression spring in the parking cylinder is extended and the parking cylinder realize the braking function; therefore, even if the compression air in a vehicle braking system is reduced due to leakage, the runaway of the vehicle is avoided due to the baking action of the compression spring in the parking cylinder and the quick parking braking function is realized.