The invention provides a steel plate for a 510MPa-grade hydrogen induced cracking resistant pressure vessel and a production method of the steel plate, and belongs to the technical field of steel for pressure vessels. The steel plate is prepared from the following chemical ingredients in percentage by weight: 0.14-0.19 percent of C, 0.30-0.40 percent of Si, 1.2-1.8 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.008 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.001 percent of S and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. According to the production method, C, Si and Mn three alloy elements are reasonably added, the content of impure elements and the quality of casting blank are strictly controlled, continuous-casting billet is used for producing and is matched with a corresponding rolling process, and normalizing heat treatment is carried out, so that the steel plate has a yield strength of more than or equal to 310MPa, a tensile strength of more than or equal to 510MPa, a ductility of more than or equal to 28 percent, a ballistic work at minus 20 DEG C of more than or equal to 150J based on meeting mechanical performances of common pressure vessel steel, has excellent hydrogen induced cracking resistance, and has a cracking length ratio of less than or equal to 5 percent, a cracking width ratio of less than or equal to 1.5 percent and a cracking sensitivity ratio of less than or equal to 0.2 percent. The steel plate has a specification of 10-100mm, and has the advantages of short manufacture flow and low production cost.