The invention discloses an electric power system power transmission line rod climbing method and a corresponding device. A rod climbing system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, a lifting device, a track anti-failing device and a hanging basket. When a rod is climbed, a pulley is hung at a high point position near a rod tower by utilizing the unmanned aerial vehicle firstly, the lifting device is fixed to the hanging basket then, the hanging basket is connected to an anti-failing track through the track anti-failing device, a traction force is provided by the lifting device, a rod climbing person is lifted to a working position on the tower to perform work, the lifting device sends the rod climbing person back to the bottom of the tower from the working position after work is completed, and, finally, the unmanned aerial vehicle is controlled to taken down the pulley and to bring the pulley back to the ground. Through the rod climbing method and the corresponding rod climbing system, mechanization of the rod climbing process is achieved, rod climbing efficiency is improved, the rod climbing person is prevented from a lot of physical power consumption caused by climb, follow-up work is facilitated, a requirement for the physical quality of the rod climbing person is reduced, and development of rod climbing is facilitated. And the track anti-failing device is rigidly connected to the hanging basket, and safety of working personnel is guaranteed.