A memory device includes: a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells, wherein each of the plurality of memory cells includes a switching element, and a data storage element connected to the switching element, wherein the data storage element includes a phase change material; and a memory controller configured to perform a control operation with respect to a first memory cell of the plurality of memory cells by inputting an operating current to the first memory cell, and inputting a compensation current flowing from the data storage element to the switching element in the first memory cell before or after inputting the operating current to the first memory cell.