Provided is a polishing composition containing an abrasive, permanganate, an aluminum salt, and water. In the polishing composition, a relation of a content W1 [% by weight] of the abrasive, a concentration C1 [mM] of the permanganate, and a concentration C2 [mM] of the aluminum salt satisfies at least one condition of the following conditions [A], [B], and [C]: satisfying both of 500≤(C1/W1) and 0.04≤(C2/C1);  [A] satisfying both of 200≤(C1/√(W1)) and 8≤C2; and  [B] satisfying both of 500≤(C1/W1) and 8≤C2.  [C]