An energy storage system and a temperature control are provided in this application, and the energy storage system includes a main control module, a battery module, and a temperature control apparatus. The battery module includes a battery monitoring unit and a battery pack, the battery monitoring unit includes a battery management system and a DC/DC power converter, and the main control module is configured to control the temperature control apparatus to choose to transport a heat conduction medium to the battery module along at least one of a first path and a second path. The heat conduction medium along the first path reaches the battery pack after passing through the battery monitoring unit, and the heat conduction medium along the second path reaches the battery monitoring unit after passing through the battery pack.