Provided is a Bi-based piezoelectric material having good piezoelectric properties. The piezoelectric material includes a perovskite-type metal oxide represented by the following general formula (1): Ax(ZnjTi(1-j))l(MgkTi(1-k))mMnO3  General formula (1) where: A represents a Bi element, or one or more kinds of elements selected from the group consisting of trivalent metal elements and containing at least a Bi element; M represents at least one kind of an element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Al, Sc, Mn, Y, Ga, and Yb; and 0.9≦x≦1.25, 0.4≦j≦0.6, 0.4≦k≦0.6, 0.09≦l≦0.49, 0.19≦m≦0.64, 0.13≦n≦0.48, and l+m+n=1 are satisfied.