Abstract:
The acid-catalysed esterification of mercaptoalkyl alcohols with carboxylic acids to give mercaptoalkyl carboxylates typically results in the formation of unwanted, usually sparingly soluble by-products. The process according to the invention in the absence of acid catalysts avoids the formation of such by-products. Especially in the case of performance of the inventive esterification as a reactive distillation using reactive column and delay vessel, it is possible to obtain good conversion rates even without acid catalyst and simultaneously to substantially avoid the formation of the by-products.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for fractionating stereoisomeric compounds which have at least one alcohol group and/or amino group, by distillative separation in the presence of a chiral discriminator which takes the form of a metal complex having at least one ligand which is derived from a compound of the general formula (I).
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for obtaining formic acid by the thermal separation of a flow containing formic acid and a tertiary amine (I), wherein a liquid flow which contains formic acid and a tertiary amine (I) in a molar ratio of 0.5 to 5 is produced by combining tertiary amine (I) and a source of formic acid, 10 to 100 wt % of the secondary components contained in said flow are separated, and formic acid is removed by distillation from the resulting liquid flow in a distillation device at a bottoms temperature of 100 to 300°C and a pressure of 30 to 3000 hPa abs, wherein the bottoms product from the distillation device is separated into two liquid phases and the upper liquid phase is returned to the source of formic acid and the lower liquid phase is returned for separation of the secondary components and/or to the distillation device.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for the continuous hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds, according to which particles of a first hydrogenating catalyst are suspended in a liquid phase in which an unsaturated compound is dissolved. According to the invention, the liquid phase is guided through a packed bubble column, in the presence of a hydrogenous gas which is subjected to a first partial hydrogen pressure and is at a first temperature in the parallel flow in the opposite direction to the gravitational force, the substance discharged from the bubble column reactor is subjected to a gas-liquid separation, and the liquid phase is then subjected to a transversal filtration, whereby a retentate and a filtrate are obtained. The retentate is introduced back into the bubble reactor, and the filtrate is guided over a bed of a second hydrogenating catalyst in the presence of a hydrogenous gas subjected to a second hydrogen partial pressure and at a second temperature, the second hydrogen partial pressure being at least 10 bar higher than the first hydrogen partial pressure.
Abstract:
The subject matter of the present invention relates to a method for preventing fumaric acid deposits during the production of maleic acid anhydride consisting of the following steps: a) absorption of a C4-dicarbonic acid or a derivative thereof from a raw product mixture into an organic solvent or water as an absorbent, (b) separation of the C4-dicarbonic acid or a derivative thereof from said absorbent, wherein the absorbent thus recovered is either completely or partially hydrogenated catalytically and is returned to absorption stage (a) either completely or partially.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for the continuous hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds, according to which particles of a first hydrogenating catalyst are suspended in a liquid phase in which an unsaturated compound is dissolved. According to the invention, the liquid phase is guided through a packed bubble column, in the presence of a hydrogenous gas which is subjected to a first partial hydrogen pressure and is at a first temperature in the parallel flow in the opposite direction to the gravitational force, the substance discharged from the bubble column reactor is subjected to a gas-liquid separation, and the liquid phase is then subjected to a transversal filtration, whereby a retentate and a filtrate are obtained. The retentate is introduced back into the bubble reactor, and the filtrate is guided over a bed of a second hydrogenating catalyst in the presence of a hydrogenous gas subjected to a second hydrogen partial pressure and at a second temperature, the second hydrogen partial pressure being at least 10 bar higher than the first hydrogen partial pressure.