摘要:
Use of a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid for improving or boosting the separation of water from fuel oils which comprise additives with detergent action. A Fuel additive concentrate comprising the said hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid, certain additives with detergent action and optionally dehazers, cetane number improvers and solvents or diluents.
摘要:
Disclosed is a method of producing clean burning wood biomass fuel. The method is directed to applying calcium carbonate to wood biomass forming a mixture, where the mixture is then compressed under elevated temperatures to form the clean burning wood biomass fuel. The clean burning wood biomass fuel formed from a mixture containing wood biomass and calcium carbonate results in the neutralization of organic acids found in the wood biomass. Accordingly, upon combustion of the clean burning wood biomass fuel, environmentally friendly byproducts are produced and solid waste byproducts in the form of ash are reduced. The byproducts are essentially, water, carbon dioxide, and calcium salts, all of which may be recycled.
摘要:
A process for making cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles includes providing an aqueous reaction mixture containing a source of cerous ion, optionally a source of one or more metal ions (M) other than cerium, a source of hydroxide ion, at least one monoether carboxylic acid nanoparticle stabilizer wherein the molar ratio of said monoether carboxylic acid nanoparticle stabilizers to total metal ions is greater than 0.2, and an oxidant at an initial temperature in the range of about 20°C to about 95°C. Temperature conditions are provided effective to enable oxidation of cerous ion to ceric ion, thereby forming a product dispersion of cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles, optionally containing one or more metal ions (M), Ce 1-x M x O 2-δ , wherein "x" has a value from about 0.0 to about 0.95. The nanoparticles may have a mean hydrodynamic diameter from about 1 nm to about 50 nm, and a geometric diameter of less than about 45 nm.
摘要翻译:制备含铈氧化物纳米颗粒的方法包括提供含有铈离子源的任选含水反应混合物,任选地是除了铈以外的一种或多种金属离子(M)的源,氢氧根离子源,至少一种单醚羧酸 纳米粒子稳定剂,其中所述单醚羧酸纳米颗粒稳定剂与总金属离子的摩尔比大于0.2,氧化剂的初始温度在约20℃至约95℃的范围内。 提供温度条件有效地使铈离子氧化成铈离子,从而形成任选含有一种或多种金属离子(M),Ce 1-x M x O 2-'的含铈氧化物纳米颗粒的产物分散体,其中 “x”具有约0.0至约0.95的值。 纳米颗粒可具有约1nm至约50nm的平均流体动力学直径和小于约45nm的几何直径。
摘要:
Sorbent components containing calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents are added to the coal ahead of combustion and/or are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and make a highly cementitious ash product.
摘要:
The present invention relates to additive compositions for superior quality diesel and biodiesel fuels for improving the lacquering resistance of said fuels, in particular those intended for engines provided with Euro 4 to Euro 6 fuel injection systems. The additive compositions according to the invention comprise at least one antioxidant of hindered phenol type and at least one metal passivator.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a method for preparing 1,2,3-trimethoxypropane from glycerol, in the presence of a methylating agent and a phase-transfer catalyst in a basic medium, to a composition including the 1,2,3-trimethoxypropane, and to the use thereof as a solvent for replacing a solvent used in the performance of a chemical reaction or as a reagent involved in said chemical reaction.
摘要:
Biologically-produced isobutanol as a component in fuel compositions provides a valuable mechanism for introducing renewable components to fuel compositions and, at the same time, provides for reduced environmental impact of the fuel composition if it were to contaminate a given environmental area.