Abstract:
According to the present invention there is provided a spectral bio-imaging methods which can be used for automatic and/or semiautomatic spectrally resolved morphometric classification of cells, the method comprising the steps of (a) preparing a sample to be spectrally imaged, the sample including at least a portion of at least one cell; (b) viewing the sample through an optical device, the optical device being optically connected to an imaging spectrometer, the optical device and the imagine spectrometer being for obtaining a spectrum of each pixel of the sample; (c) classifying each of the pixels into classification groups according to the pixels spectra; and (d) analyzing the classification groups and thereby classifying the at least one cell into a cell class.
Abstract:
The present invention is related to a Wollaston prism (WP) comprising two birefringent wedges (W1, W2) joined by their hypotenuse to form a composite block, said wedges having optic axes (OA1, OA2) to each other at right angle. According to the invention, the optic axes (OA1, OA2) of said wedges (W1, W2) are rotated by an angle of 45° or 135°, respectively, with regard to a position wherein one of the optic axes (OA1, OA2) lies parallel to the plane formed by the hypotenuse. In an embodiment of the present invention, liquid crystal is used as material for the wedges (W1, W2) resulting in inexpensive and easy to handle Wollaston prisms.
Abstract:
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Erfassung optischer Signale mit Mitteln zur Erzeugung wenigstens eines Referenz-Lichtstrahls, der gegenüber dem zu erfassenden optischen Signal frequenzverschoben und/oder -moduliert oder phasenverschoben und/oder -moduliert und/oder zeitverschoben ist, mit Mitteln, mit denen das zu erfassende optische Signal und/oder der oder die Referenz-Lichtstrahlen derart ausrichtbar sind, daß sie zur Interferenz gebracht werden können, sowie mit mindestens einem Detektor mit Demodulator, durch den eine Amplitudenmodulation nachweisbar ist. Eine hohe spektrale Auflösung der Vorrichtung wird auch bei Einsatz kleiner optischer Elemente dadurch erreicht, daß mindestens ein wellenlängenabhängiges Element vorgesehen ist, durch das der oder die Winkel der zur Interferenz gebrachten Lichtstrahlen in Abhängigkeit von der Wellenlänge veränderbar sind sowie, daß mindestens einer der Detektoren derart ausgeführt ist oder derart im Zusammenhang mit einem Demodulator und/oder optischen Elementen steht, daß eine zeitliche und/oder räumliche Modulation der Intensität bezogen auf den gesamten oder Teile des detektierten Strahlquerschnitts meßbar ist. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung optischer Signale durch Modulation optischer Träger sowie die Verwendung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung als optischer Empfänger oder optischer Modulator oder als Spektrometer.
Abstract:
A device for target prediction and collision warning for tracking objects in a region proximate to a vehicle includes a signal transmitter which provides first and second detection signals for at least partial reflection by an object located in a spatial region. The device further includes a signal receiver for receiving the deflected first and second detection signals corresponding to first and second parameter signals. A Fourier transform circuit is provided for receiving the first and second object parameter signals and generating first and second Fourier transform object parameter signals corresponding to relative range and velocity data of a target being tracked. The device includes a probabilistic neural network which preferably sorts the first and second Fourier transform object parameter signals corresponding to the relative range and velocity of a target being tracked. Operatively coupled to the probabilistic neural network is a target tracker circuit which receives the sorted first and second Fourier transform object parameter signals after at least three samples of relative range and velocity data have been measured. The target tracker generates an output signal indicative of a prediction of regression parameters of a second order or higher order equation that characterizes the change in relative range and velocity of the target being tracked.
Abstract:
Apparatus for motion detection and tracking of objects in a region for collision avoidance includes a signal transmitter which provides first and second detection signals for at least partial reflection by an object located in a spatial region. The apparatus further includes a signal receiver for receiving the deflected first and second detection signals corresponding to first and second object parameter data signals. The apparatus further includes a Fourier transform circuit for receiving the first and second object parameter data signals and providing first and second Fourier transform object parameter data signals. The apparatus further includes a probabilistic neural network for receiving and sorting the first and second Fourier transform object parameter data signals without the use of a priori training data.
Abstract:
A device for target prediction and collision warning for tracking objects in a region proximate to a vehicle includes a signal transmitter which provides first and second detection signals for at least partial reflection by an object located in a spatial region. The device further includes a signal receiver for receiving the deflected first and second detection signals corresponding to first and second parameter signals. A Fourier transform circuit is provided for receiving the first and second object parameter signals and generating first and second Fourier transform object parameter signals corresponding to relative range and velocity data of a target being tracked. The device includes a probabilistic neural network which preferably sorts the first and second Fourier transform object parameter signals corresponding to the relative range and velocity of a target being tracked. Operatively coupled to the probabilistic neural network is a target tracker circuit which receives the sorted first and second Fourier transform object parameter signals after at least three samples of relative range and velocity data have been measured. The target tracker generates an output signal indicative of a prediction of regression parameters of a second order or higher order equation that characterizes the change in relative range and velocity of the target being tracked.
Abstract:
A spectrophotometer (10) includes an array of light emitting diodes (12) configured for activation in successive Hadamard encodement patterns, a diffraction grating (14), an optical slit (16), a detector (18) and electronic controls including a computer. In operation, the diffraction grating (14) disperses and collimates radiation from the array (12) and directs selected spectral components through the slit (16) onto the detector (18) whereupon the computer performs a Hadamard analysis on the detector signals.
Abstract:
This invention provides apparatus for and a method of interferometrically inspecting a surface of an object. The invention is particularly well suited for inspecting semiconductor devices in the sub-micron range. A two beam interference microscope (102) obtains an image of an object (100) which is mounted on a piezo controlled sample table (104) and illuminated using a broadband light source. A CCD camera (100) obtains an image and the image is processed by using information derived from the interference fringes. The advantage is that large step heights can be measured and that a priori knowledge of the surface is not required. The invention can be adapted so that it can be used to simultaneously inspect and analyse an object, the latter being achieved by utilising data derived from a characteristic phase and/or spectral variation occurring in reflected light. This data can be manipulated mathematically e.g. by a Fourier Transform.
Abstract:
Un système de détection optique, composé d'un dispositif de transformation modulant le rayonnement reçu de façon à sensibiliser le système à des caractéristiques sélectionnées dépendant du profil de la fonction de cohérence dans le champ optique reçu, comprend un processeur spectral. Le processeur spectral possède un filtre limiteur de bande (BLF) et un filtre modificateur (MF) ayant une bande passante recouvrant au moins partiellement la bande passante du BLF (103). Le BLF et le MF sont sélectionnés de manière à concentrer l'information clé sur le rayonnement cible dans une petite région du profil de la fonction de cohérence. De préférence, le BLF a un profil de transmission rectangulaire et le MF a un profil gaussien, correpondant à celui de la ligne d'absorption du gaz à détecter. Le centre du profil d'absorption du MF est décalé par rapport au centre du profil du BLF. Dans d'autres configurations, le MF peut être tel qu'il produit deux ou plusieurs profils d'absorption (122, 123) dans le profil du BLF. La fonction de transmission d'un des filtres peut être dépendante du temps de manière à améliorer la détection du champ optique transformé. Cette dépendance est obtenue grâce au mouvement périodique du filtre produit par la variation de l'angle d'inclinaison d'un filtre d'interférence pour moduler la fréquence centrale du profil de transmission du filtre par un système faisant en sorte que la surface du filtre périodiquement déplacé, inséré dans le chemin optique du système, varie de manière à moduler périodiquement la profondeur d'absorption du filtre.