摘要:
The invention relates to a biosensor chip that is provided with a first electrode and a second electrode. The first electrode is provided with a holding area for holding probe molecules which can bind macromolecular biopolymers. The invention also relates to an integrated electric differentiating circuit by means of which an electric current can be detected and can be differentiated according to time, whereby said current is generated during a reduction/oxidation recycling procedure.
摘要:
The inventive biosensor has three electrodes, the first electrode having a retaining area for retaining probe molecules which bind with the macromolecular biopolymers. The second electrode and the third electrode are configured in such a way that the redox process is part of a redox recycling system on said second and third electrodes.
摘要:
A method for detecting a target nucleic acid sequence in a sample, by subjecting it to an amplification reaction and taking continuous electrochemical measurements on it during the reaction. The method can be used to determine whether an amplification reaction has taken place, to quantitate the amount of target in the sample or to determine sequence characteristics. Also disclosed is apparatus for use in the method, comprising (i) an amplification reaction vessel which comprises an electrochemical cell, (ii) means for taking continuous electrochemical measurements on a sample contained in the vessel and (iii) temperature control and measurement means, wherein the electrochemical cell comprises an element formed from an electrically conducting plastics material such as a polymer loaded with an electrically conducting material. Further disclosed is a reaction vessel for use in the apparatus, a probe for use in the method and a kit for effecting the method.
摘要:
Sinusoidal voltammetry was employed to detect both purine and pyrimidine-based nucleic acids. Adenine and cytosine, representing these two classes of nucleic acids, could be detected with nanomolar detection limits at a copper electrode under these conditions, where the sensitivity for adenine was much higher than that for cytosine. Detection limits for purine-containing nucleotides (e.g., adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)) were on the order of 70-200 nM using this method. These detection limits are achieved for native nucleotides and are over two orders of magnitude lower than those found with UV absorbance detection. Pyrimidine-based nucleotides could also be detected with high sensitivity due to the presence of a sugar backbone which is electroactive at the copper surface.
摘要:
Systems, methods, and devices for generating multiple cyclic square-waveforms and sloped-edge square waveforms. Aspects of the techniques disclosed herein include applying the generated waveforms to an electrode used in voltammetry, e.g., to measure a level of a neurochemical in neural tissue. An electrode can be located in a solution, and an electrical stimulus applied to the solution through the electrode using a multiple cyclic square waveform. An electrical current response to the stimulus is measured, and a level of an analyte (e.g., dopamine or other neurochemical(s)) determined based on the electrical current response.
摘要:
Devices for electrochemical measurement of a redox active substance secreted by a cell in a liquid sample are provided. The devices include one or more electrodes and a matrix capable of releasing a chemical agent that stimulates secretes of the redox active substance by the cell. In some embodiments, the devices include a nanofluidic electrode assembly in which the one or more electrodes are disposed within a nanofluidic channel. Methods of fabricating the devices and methods of using the devices to detect secretion of a redox active substance by a cell are also provided.
摘要:
The electrochemical sensor according to the present invention can precisely measure the current value of serotonin by preventing a decrease in sensitivity due to the background in the blood and thus can effectively diagnose allergy.
摘要:
Device and methods for use in a biosensor comprising a multisite array of test sites, the device and methods being useful for modulating the binding interactions between a (biomolecular) probe or detection agent and an analyte of interest by modulating the p H or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor. An electrochemically active agent that is suitable for use in biological buffers for changing the p H of the biological buffers. Method for changing the pH of biological buffers using the electrochemically active agents. The methods of modulating the binding interactions provided in a biosensor, analytic methods for more accurately controlling and measuring the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor, and analytic methods for more accurately measuring an analyte of interest in a biological sample.