摘要:
The present invention relates to agonist-independent methods of screening for compounds that alter GPCR desensitization. Included in the present invention are cell lines containing GRKs, in which GPCRs are desensitized in the absence of agonist; the GRKs may be modified. The present invention relates to methods to determine if a GPCR is expressed at the plasma membrane, and if the GPCR has an affinity for arrestin. Modified GPCRs which have increased arrestin affinity are included in the present invention. These modified GPCRs are useful in methods to screen for compounds that alter desensitization, including both the agonist- independent methods and agonist-dependent methods described herein.
摘要:
Systems, including compositions, kits, and methods, particularly for photoluminescence applications. The systems may include, among others, (1) organic chelators, (2) complexes between the chelators and lanthanide ions, and (3) precursors, derivatives, and uses thereof. The chelators may include a 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane ring system, for example, having the formula:(I) Here, R1, R2, and R3 are substituents of the tetraazacyclododecane ring system, that is further substituted at the 10-position by a sensitizer Z that is typically a polyheterocyclic ring system. The organic chelator may be capable of forming a luminescent complex with a lanthanide ion, and is optionally further substituted by a reactive functional group or a conjugated substance. The resulting lanthanide complex may be useful in luminescence-based assays, such as energy transfer assays, among others.
摘要:
The invention encompasses an improved method for measuring membrane potential using compounds of the formula I as petentiometric probes. These probes may be used in combination with other fluorescent indicators such as Indo-1, Fura-2, and Fluo-3, such probes may be used in microplate reading devices such as FLIPRTR, fluorescent imaging plate reader, sold by Molecular Device Corp., of Sunnyvale, CA; flow cytometers; and fluorometers. Such probes are used to measure membrane potential in live cells. X is O. or S. n is 1 or 2.
摘要:
An assay method which involves: contacting a sample with a binding partner which binds specifically to a first substrate molecule which may be in the sample but not to a second substrate molecule which may be in the sample; and detecting a response indicative of binding, or of the extent of binding, between the first substrate and the binding partner, characterised in that the binding partner includes a metal ion that is required for binding between the binding partner and the substrate or product and that the response detection is performed without separating the bound first substrate from the unbound first substrate.
摘要:
Disclosed are photometric methods and devices for determining optical pathlength of liquid samples containing analytes dissolved or suspended in a solvent. The methods and devices rely on determining a relationship between the light absorption properties of the solvent and the optical pathlength of liquid samples containing the solvent. This relationship is used to establish the optical pathlength for samples containing an unknown concentration of analyte but having similar solvent composition. Further disclosed are methods and devices for determining the concentration of analyte in such samples where both the optical pathlength and the concentration of analyte are unknown. The methods and devices rely on separately determining, at different wavelengths of light, light absorption by the solvent and light absorption by the analyte. Light absorption by the analyte, together with the optical pathlength so determined, is used to calculate the concentration of the analyte. Devices for carrying out the methods particularly advantageously include vertical-beam photometers containing samples disposed within the wells of multi-assays plates, wherein the photometer is able to monitor light absorption of each sample at multiple wavelengths, including in the visible or UV-visible region of the spectrum, as well as in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Novel photometer devices are described which automatically determine the concentration of analytes in such multi-assay plates directly without employing a standard curve.
摘要:
Methods and apparatus are disclosed for detecting the effects of cell affecting agents on living cells. The method steps include providing living cells that are retained in a micro flow chamber. The micro flow chamber is adapted for either continuous or intermittent flow of solutions or suspensions in intimate contact with the cells. The solutions or suspensions, which contain a cell affecting agent, are then flowed in intimate contact with the cells and at least one effect of the cell affecting agent on the cells is measured by an appropriate detecting means, which is operatively associated with the micro flow chamber.
摘要:
Le procédé en question consiste à placer des cellules vivantes dans une chambre à micro-écoulement conçue pour mettre en contact étroit les cellules avec un flux continu ou intermittent de solutions ou suspensions, à faire passer les solutions ou suspensions contenant un agent agissant sur les cellules par la chambre pour les mettre en contact étroit avec les cellules, et à mesurer grâce à un moyen de détection approprié, associé de manière opérante à la chambre à micro-écoulement, au moins un des effects qu'a l'agent en question sur les cellules.
摘要:
A microtiter plate prepared from a hydrophobic plastic is rendered more hydrophilic by treatment of the surfaces of the wells of the microplate prior to use. The resulting plates are particularly useful in vertical beam photometry.