Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for edge-halogenation of a graphene material; wherein the graphene material, which is selected from graphene, a graphene nanoribbon, a graphene molecule, or a mixture thereof, is reacted with a halogen- donor compound in the presence of a Lewis acid, so as to obtain an edge-halogenated graphene material.
Abstract:
A novel proton-conducting polymer membrane based on polyazole polymers which, owing to their outstanding chemical and thermal properties, can be used widely and are suitable in particular as polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) for producing membrane electrode assemblies or so-called PEM fuel cells.
Abstract:
A hybrid sacrificial galvanic anode, an anodic system including the hybrid sacrificial anode, and a method of cathodically protecting steel reinforcement in concrete structures is provided. The hybrid anode provides initial steel polarization followed by long term galvanic protection without the use of batteries or external power supplies.
Abstract:
Process for polymerizing at least one monomer under emulsion polymerization conditions, characterized in that the (co)monomers are selected from vinyl aromatic compounds, ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids with 3 to 10 carbon atoms, C 1 -C 10 -alkyl esters of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids with 3 to 10 carbon atoms, 1,3-butadiene, and a-olefins bearing in the range of from 10 to 250 carbon atoms per molecule, in pure form or as mixture with isomers, and using a surfactant mixture comprising (A) an alkoxylation product of at least one alkanol (a), characterized in that alkanol (a) has 6 to 12 carbon atoms per molecule and the average number of alkylene oxide units per molecule in alkoxylation product (A) assumes a value in the range of from 35 to 55, the alkylene oxide units are selected from C 2 -C 10 -alkylene oxide units and alkanol (a) has an average degree of branching of at least 1; and (B) an alkoxylation product of at least one alkanol (b), characterized in that alkanol (b) has 13 to 19 carbon atoms per molecule and the average number of alkylene oxide units per molecule in alkoxylation product (B) assumes a value in the range of from 35 to 55, the alkylene oxide units are selected from C 2 -C 10 -alkylene oxide units, or (C) an alkoxylation product of at least one linear C 12 -C 22 -alkyl alcohol (c), characterized in that the average number of alkylene oxide units per molecule in alkoxylation product (C) assumes a value in the range of from 35 to 55, the alkylene oxide units are selected from C 2 -C 10 -alkylene oxide units.
Abstract:
This invention refers to a process of anodic substitution comprising the electrolyzing the liquid reaction medium in an electrochemical cell comprising a cathode and an anode, whereas the liquid reaction medium comprises an organic compound with at least one carbon bound hydrogen atom, a nucleophilic agent, and an ionic liquid in a proportion of at least 10 % by weight, and whereas the said hydrogen atoms are replaced at least partially with the nucleophilic group of said nucleophilic agent. Preferably, a gas diffusion layer electrode is used as anode.
Abstract:
Method for producing epoxides of formula (I), where R stands for an organic group with 1-10 C atoms, by reaction of compounds of formula (II) with an oxidation agent, characterized in that the production takes place continuously in a tube reactor.
Abstract:
The invention relates to microcapsule dispersions containing microcapsules comprising a hydrophilic capsule core and a capsule wall polymer, which capsule wall polymer can be obtained by polymerizing a monomer composition comprising 25 to 95 wt% of one or more C 1 -C 24 alkyl and/or glycidyl esters of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid, up to 75 wt% of one or more hydrophilic monomers selected from acrylic acid esters and/or methacrylic acid esters that bear hydroxy and/or carboxy groups, and allyl gluconamide, 0 to 40 wt% of one or more compounds having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups, wherein the microcapsules are dispersed in a hydrophobic diluent. The invention further relates to the microcapsules, to a method for producing the microcapsules, and to the use of the microcapsules for the delayed release of active ingredients for construction, cosmetic, or plant-protection applications.