摘要:
The invention relates to a recombiner element (4) comprising a plurality of catalyst elements (8) that are arranged in a common housing (6) and that trigger a recombination reaction with oxygen when hydrogen is carried along in a feed gas flow, the housing (6) surrounding the catalyst elements (8), which are arranged therein, in a funnel-type way in such a manner that the heat released by the recombination reaction supports the gas flow inside the housing (6) by a convection effect, which recombiner element safeguards a reliable removal of the hydrogen from the gas mixture with an especially high degree of operational safety even under comparatively extreme conditions or scenarios of said type. According to the invention, at least one of the catalyst elements (8) arranged inside the housing (6) has a predetermined ignition zone (20) in which a surface temperature of more than 560°C is produced in the convective operation at ambient conditions of approximately 1 bar and 100°C at a hydrogen concentration in the feed gas flow of more than 5% by volume.
摘要:
The invention relates to a fuel element (2) for a pressurized water nuclear reactor, in which fuel element (2) a multiplicity of fuel rods (6) which extend in a longitudinal direction (4) are guided in a plurality of spacers (8-I, 8-II) which are spaced apart from one another axially, the spacers (8-II) of an upper region (II) having a lower flow resistance in a transverse direction (16, 18), which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (4), than the spacers (8-I) of a lower region (I).
摘要:
The invention provides a method by means of which a fuel rod cladding tube (4) can be treated or prepared such that the influence of iron oxide deposits on the surface thereof can be studied and analyzed as safely as possible, and at the same time precisely, under near-operational conditions. For this purpose, the invention provides that the fuel rod cladding tube (4) is coated at least partially with an iron oxide layer (6) by means of immersing the same in an aqueous electrolyte medium (8) comprising iron oxide particles, wherein the iron oxide particles are produced by means of anodic oxidation of a ferrous working electrode (10).
摘要:
Ein Verfahren und ein System zur katalytischen Rekombination von in einem Gasstrom mitgeführtem Wasserstoff mit Sauerstoff, bei dem der Gasstrom über eine Reaktionszone mit einer Anzahl von Katalysatorelementen geführt wird, wobei dem Gasstrom vor seinem Eintritt in die Reaktionszone Dampf zugemischt wird, sollen auch bei variierenden Betriebsbedingungen oder Betriebsweisen, insbesondere im Hinblick auf bedarfsweise vorgesehene Wasserstoffeinspeisung in dem Dampf-Speisewasserkreislauf der Anlage, eine besonders hohe betriebliche Zuverlässigkeit der Rekombinationseinrichtung gewährleisten. Dazu wird erfindungsgemäß die Einspeiserate des zuzumischenden Dampfes in Abhängigkeit von einem für eine aktuelle Ist-Temperatur in der Reaktionszone charakteristischen Messwert eingestellt.
摘要:
The invention (2) relates to a device (2) that is simply constructed and displays a high fail safeness for using heated thermoelements (HT) and unheated thermoelements (UHT) as transmitters for measuring a liquid in a liquid container, in particular in the reactor container (4) of a nuclear installation, makes an especially precise and reliable measurement of the level height (H) possible. In addition, the invention proposes a plurality of elongated measuring tubes (6), at a distance from one another, wherein each measuring tube (6) exhibits a number of thermoelements (HT, UHT) arranged such that they are distributed in a longitudinal direction, and wherein an unheated thermoelement (UHT), acting as a reference transmitter, is allocated to a thermoelement (HT), acting as a primary transmitter, arranged at a first measuring tube (6) and heated by a heating element (HE) and which is arranged at a measuring tube (6) that is different from the first measuring tube (6).
摘要:
A nuclear engineering plant (4) with a containment (2), whose interior chamber (14) is subdivided by means of a gas-tight partition wall (16) into a systems chamber (18) containing the reactor pressure vessel (8) and the primary coolant circuit (10) and into an operating chamber (20) which is accessible during normal operation, is intended to ensure a particularly high operational reliability, in particular also in incident situations, in which hydrogen is released in the systems chamber (18), with production and operational outlay being kept low. For this purpose, the invention provides a number of overflow openings (22a, 22b, 22c) in the partition wall (16), wherein the respective overflow opening (22a, 22b, 22c) is closed by means of a closure element (24) of a closure apparatus (26) which opens automatically when a trigger condition associated with the respective overflow opening (22a, 22b, 22c) is reached, and wherein closure apparatuses (26) which open both as a function of pressure and independently of pressure are provided. A closure apparatus (26) which is particularly expedient in this connection furthermore has a closure element (24) comprising a bursting film (50) or a bursting diaphragm, wherein the closure apparatus (26) is designed such that it frees the overflow opening (22a, 22b, 22c) automatically when a predetermined environment-side trigger temperature is reached.