METHODS FOR SULFATE REMOVAL IN LIQUID-PHASE CATALYTIC HYDROTHERMAL GASIFICATION OF BIOMASS
    75.
    发明公开
    METHODS FOR SULFATE REMOVAL IN LIQUID-PHASE CATALYTIC HYDROTHERMAL GASIFICATION OF BIOMASS 审中-公开
    法生物质催化热液相气化拆卸硫酸盐

    公开(公告)号:EP2870224A1

    公开(公告)日:2015-05-13

    申请号:EP13813442.4

    申请日:2013-03-29

    IPC分类号: C10J3/60 C10L3/00

    CPC分类号: C10L9/086 C10L2290/54

    摘要: Processing of wet biomass feedstock by liquid-phase catalytic hydrothermal gasification must address catalyst fouling and poisoning. One solution can involve heating the wet biomass with a heating unit to a pre-treatment temperature sufficient for organic constituents in the feedstock to decompose, for precipitates of inorganic wastes to form, for preheating the wet feedstock in preparation for subsequent removal of soluble sulfate contaminants, or combinations thereof. Processing further includes reacting the soluble sulfate contaminants with cations present in the feedstock material to yield a sulfate-containing precipitate and separating the inorganic precipitates and/or the sulfate-containing precipitates out of the wet feedstock. Having removed much of the inorganic wastes and the sulfate contaminants that can cause poisoning and fouling, the wet biomass feedstock can be exposed to the heterogeneous catalyst for gasification.

    SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR SELECTIVE DETECTION OF VAPOR-PHASE ANALYTES
    77.
    发明公开
    SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR SELECTIVE DETECTION OF VAPOR-PHASE ANALYTES 有权
    系统在VERFAHREN ZUR SELEKTIVEN ERKENNUNG VON DAMPFPHASENANALYTEN

    公开(公告)号:EP2834834A1

    公开(公告)日:2015-02-11

    申请号:EP13703651.3

    申请日:2013-01-07

    摘要: A system and method are disclosed that provide selective detection of gas-phase target analytes at concentrations below 1 part-per-trillion including explosives, explosives compounds, and other threat agents. The invention involves formation of chemical adduct ions between reactant ions and target analytes that permit detection of the target analytes in a sample.

    摘要翻译: 公开了一种在没有预浓缩的情况下以质量分光计或离子迁移谱仪选择性地检测挥发性和非挥发性爆炸物的方法,其数量为千分之几。 该方法包括以下步骤:用离子源离子化载气,形成包含硝酸根离子(NO 3 - )的反应物离子或反应物加合离子; 选择性地使反应物离子或反应物加合物离子与至少一种挥发性或非挥发性爆炸物分析物在至少约100吨的载气压力下在设置在电离源和离子检测器之间的反应区域中反应,反应区具有 其提供其中其反应物离子的停留时间(tr)至少约0.10秒,其中所述选择性反应产生包含反应物离子或反应物加合离子的产物离子,所述反应物离子或反应物加合离子当存在于其中时选择性地结合至所述至少一种爆炸性分析物; 以及用所述离子检测器检测产物离子以确定所述至少一种爆炸物分析物的存在或不存在。