Abstract:
Described herein is a photonic spectrograph (1) for accurately measuring and displaying spectra from radiation signals received from a telescope (3). One embodiment provides a photonic imaging device, in the form of a spectrograph (1), including a plurality of input ports in the form of multi-mode optical fibres (5). The optical fibres (5) are adapted for receiving an arbitrary incident electromagnetic radiation field (7) containing one or more spatial propagation modes such as an optical signal from a telescope (3). The spectrograph (1) includes a coupling device in the form of a photonic lantern (9) attached to the multi- mode optical fibre (5) for efficiently coupling the incident electromagnetic radiation field into an arbitrary plurality (hereinafter denoted N) of single-mode optical fibres (11) for diffraction-limited single-mode propagation. The plurality, N, of single-mode fibres (11) is greater than or equal to the number of spatial modes supported in the incident radiation field such that efficient coupling is achieved. The single-mode optical signals output from the single-mode fibres (11) are received by an optical manipulation device in the form of an array waveguide grating (13) which selectively combines the single-mode signals into a continuous optical spectrum. An optical detector (15) is provided for detecting the continuous optical spectrum output from the array waveguide grating (13).
Abstract:
Disclosed is an integrated circuit (100) comprising a substrate (110) carrying a plurality of light-sensitive elements (112) and a blazed grating (120) comprising a plurality of diffractive elements (122) for diffracting respective spectral components (123-125) of incident light (150) to respective light-sensitive elements (112), the blazed grating (120) comprising a stack of layers, at least some of these layers comprising first portions, e.g. metal portions (202, 222, 242) arranged such that each diffractive element (122) comprises a stepped profile of stacked first portions with a first portion in a higher layer laterally extending beyond a first portion in a lower layer of said stepped profile.
Abstract:
An image slicer is disclosed which includes a first surface 1 and a second surface 2. The surfaces are inclined with respect to each other, wherein the first surface has an edge 3 and the second surface has an edge 4 and these edges are alongside but inclined with respect to each other. A light beam 9 having a first beam portion 12 that hits the first surface and a second beam portion that does not hit the first surface will thus be at least partially refracted by the image slicer, wherein the first beam portion will be guided, due to refraction, in another direction than the second beam portion.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a fluorescence correlation spectroscopy system (1) for analyzing particles in a medium (2), including a means (3) for detecting the light (7) emitted by the particles in the medium (2), said means (3) being coupled to a waveguide (4), for which purpose the end piece of the guide (4) comprises a means (4b; 5) for confining the light (7) injected into the guide (4).
Abstract:
An optical unit is provided with a ter member (1) that disperses transmitted light and a photodetector (2) that has a plurality of light receiving elements. The filter member (1) is provided with a light transmissive substrate, a plurality of protrusions comprising a first metallic material and formed on one surface of the substrate, and a metal film comprising a second metallic material having a refractive index higher than that of the first metallic material and formed so as to cover the plurality of protrusions as well as the one surface of the substrate. The plurality of protrusions is disposed such that the metal film located between adjacent protrusions can be a diffraction grating and the protrusions can be waveguides. At least one of the grating cycle of the diffraction grating, the height of the protrusions, or the thickness of the metal film is set to a value different each portion such that a wavelength of light transmitted through the filter member changes each portion. The photodetector (2) is disposed such that each of the light receiving elements (21) receives the light transmitted through the ter member (1).
Abstract:
A tool for measuring properties of a formation fluid downhole within a wellbore is described. The tool comprises a port for obtaining a sample of fluid downhole and a spectroscope. The spectroscope includes an adaptive optical element, a light source, and at least two detectors. The adaptive optical element is capable of directing a first wavelength band along a first light path and a second wavelength band along a second light path when both said bands are simultaneously incident thereon. The spectrum of the light source is spectrally dispersed across the adaptive optical element in such a way that a first wavelength band is directed along the first light path, through the sample, and to one of the detectors, and a second wavelength band is directed along the second light path to a second of said at least two detectors.
Abstract:
A spectroscopic detector (110) includes a spectroscopic element (11) for dispersing light, a photodetector (12) for detecting the light dispersed by the spectroscopic element and a condensing optical system (13) for condensing the dispersed light to the photodetector and compensating for a deviation in a detected wavelength deriving from nonlinearity of the angle of emergence generated in the spectroscopic element through chromatic aberration of magnification.
Abstract:
An apparatus consisting of stacked slab waveguides whose outputs are vertically staggered is disclosed. At the input to the stacked waveguides, the entrances to each slab lie in approximately the same vertical plane. A spot which is imaged onto the input will be transformed approximately to a set of staggered rectangles at the output, without substantial loss in brightness, which staggered rectangles can serve as a convenient input to a spectroscopic apparatus. A slit mask can be added to spatially filter the outputs so as to present the desired transverse width in the plane of the spectroscopic apparatus parallel to its dispersion.