Abstract:
A Littrow-type spectrometer or monochromator (10) using a folded light path to provide a compact optical instrument is disclosed. Light enters the instrument through an inlet aperture on a planar mirror (14). The aperture is located at the focus of a parabolic collimetor-mirror (18). Collimated light reflected by the parabolic mirror is reflected back to the planar mirror, which is positioned at an angle to the collimated light. The light reflected from the planar mirror is directed at a planar grating (20) that produces diffracted light having all the wavelengths input into the system, including light of a selected wavelength, back towards the planar mirror. Light having the selected wavelength is thus caused to fall on the parabolic mirror. The parabolic mirror then focuses the selected wavelength of light ont a light exit aperture that is juxtaposed to the inlet light aperture. The planar grating can be rotatably mounted to scan the input light spectrum.
Abstract:
An electron microscope (10) is adapted to enable spectroscopic analysis of a sample (16). A parabolic mirror (18) has a central aperture (20) through which the electron beam can pass. The mirror (18) focuses laser illumination from a transverse optical path (24) onto the sample, and collects Raman and/or other scattered light, passing it back to an optical system (30). The mirror (18) is retractable (within the vacuum of the electron microscope) by a sliding arm assembly (22). An adjustable kinematic mount (44) defines the inserted position of the parabolic mirror (18). A second parabolic mirror (104) is provided to direct the scattered or generated light towards an optical analyser. The parabolic mirrors are positioned in an aberration cancelling orientation and such that they compensate for inaccuracies in the position of the sliding arm assembly (22).
Abstract:
A new immunoassay system is provided for the detection of ligands or ligand binding partners in solution in a heterogeneous format. The invention relies upon the detection of back scattered light from an evanescent wave disturbed by the presence of a colloidal gold label brought to the interface by an immunological reaction. The evanescent wave existing at the interface in turn is the result of a totally internally reflected incident light wave. Placement of the detector at a back angle above the critical angle insures a superior signal-to-noise ratio. Apparatus and methods for scanning, detecting and manipulating light including a scattered total internal reflectance immunoassay system are provided.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for two-dimensional, spatially resolved measurement of tristimulus values of light emitted from a plurality of positions on a sample. It is an object of the invention to provide an improved method and system for spatially resolved chromaticity and luminance measurement in a standardized color space for display testing. The method of the invention comprises the steps of: - directing a first portion of the light to an RGB camera which produces a two-dimensional map of RGB color values; - transforming the RGB color values into first tristimulus values to produce a map of tristimulus values; - directing a second portion of the light to a colorimeter which produces second tristimulus values; - deriving a tristimulus correction by comparing the second tristimulus values with at least a subset of the first tristimulus values; and - applying the tristimulus correction to the first tristimulus values to produce a corrected map of tristimulus values. Moreover, the invention relates to an imaging colorimeter system capable of two-dimensional, spatially resolved measurement of tristimulus values of light emitted from a plurality of positions on a sample.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a method and compact apparatus for laser induced breakdown atomic emission spectroscopy from a targeted sample having a laser generating a laser beam, the laser beam directed to the sample, optical means for manipulating the laser beam in order maximize laser fluency at the target surface of the sample, the laser beam generating ablation and plasma emission from the sample at the target surface, an emission spectrometer having a detector for detecting a plasma plume from the plasma emission.
Abstract:
Provided is a laser-type gas analyzing apparatus including a radiating section (106) that radiates laser light from outside a side wall (12) of a flue (10), through an opening portion (14) provided in the side wall (12), and onto an inner surface of the side wall (12) opposite the opening portion (14); a light receiving section (116) that receives the laser light reflected by the inner surface; and a calculating section (104) that calculates a concentration of a target gas passing through the flue (10), based on an intensity of the laser light output by the radiating section (106) and an intensity of the laser light received by the light receiving section (116).
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for two-dimensional, spatially resolved measurement of tristimulus values of light emitted from a plurality of positions on a sample. It is an object of the invention to provide an improved method and system for spatially resolved chromaticity and luminance measurement in a standardized color space for display testing. The method of the invention comprises the steps of: - directing a first portion of the light to an RGB camera which produces a two-dimensional map of RGB color values; - transforming the RGB color values into first tristimulus values to produce a map of tristimulus values; - directing a second portion of the light to a colorimeter which produces second tristimulus values; - deriving a tristimulus correction by comparing the second tristimulus values with at least a subset of the first tristimulus values; and - applying the tristimulus correction to the first tristimulus values to produce a corrected map of tristimulus values. Moreover, the invention relates to an imaging colorimeter system capable of two-dimensional, spatially resolved measurement of tristimulus values of light emitted from a plurality of positions on a sample.