摘要:
A spectroscopic method and spectroscopy system therefrom for analyzing samples. A sample includes a first chemical component that has a characteristic first absorption peak is provided. The sample is irradiated in a measurement waveband proximate to the first absorption peak, and at a first and a second reference waveband where the first chemical component lacks characteristic absorption features. Reflected or transmitted detection data is obtained including a measured power proximate to the first absorption peak and first and second reference powers at the reference wavebands. A plurality of different waveband ratios are evaluated using pairs of detection data to generate a plurality of measured waveband ratio values. A parameter of the first chemical component is then determined by evaluating a multidimensional polynomial calibration equation that relates the parameter of the first chemical component to the plurality of different waveband ratios by substituting the measured waveband ratio values into the calibration relation.
摘要:
An in-situ time domain spectroscopy (TDS)-based method (200) for non-contact characterization of properties of a sheet material while being produced by a manufacturing system (700). A time domain spectrometry system (100) and calibration data for the system is provided. The calibration data includes data for transmitted power through or reflected power from the sheet material as a function of a moisture content of the sheet material. At least one pulse of THz or near THz radiation from a transmitter (111) is directed at a location on a sheet material sample (130) while being processed by the manufacturing system (700). Transmitted or reflected radiation associated with at least one transmitted or reflected pulse from the sample location is synchronously detected by a detector (110) to obtain the sample data. The sample data, which is coincident data, is processed together with the calibration data (207, 208, 209) to determine at least one, and generally a plurality of properties of the sheet material sample (130) selected from caliper, basis weight and moisture content.
摘要:
An air stabilization system employing two substantially parallel, codirectional Coanda nozzles, that are positioned adjacent a flexible moving web, with each nozzle exhausting gas at the same downstream machine direction, subjects the moving web to shear forces effective to stabilize the web. Each nozzle includes an elongated slot that is substantially perpendicular to the path of the moving web and a backstep located downstream of the direction of airflow extending from the Coanda slot. The two Coanda nozzles serve as separate points along the machine direction for controlling the height of the moving web. By modulating the velocities or other parameters of gases exiting the Coanda nozzles, the shape of the moving web between the nozzles can be manipulated to present a planar contour for measurements. The air stabilization system can be incorporated into a scanner head to measure the caliper of paper, plastic, and other flexible web products.
摘要:
A method includes designing probing signals for testing an alignment of actuators in a web manufacturing or processing system with measurements of a web of material being manufactured or processed by the system. The method also includes providing the probing signals during alignment testing to identify the alignment of the actuators with the measurements of the web. Designing the probing signals includes designing the probing signals based on both spatial and dynamic characteristics of the web manufacturing or processing system.
摘要:
A method includes designing (308, 400, 500) probing signals for testing an alignment of actuators (202) in a web manufacturing or processing system (100) with measurements of a web (108) of material being manufactured or processed by the system. The method also includes providing (310) the probing signals during alignment testing to identify the alignment of the actuators with the measurements of the web. Designing the probing signals includes designing the probing signals based on both spatial and dynamic characteristics of the web manufacturing or processing system.
摘要:
An analytical model simulates the propagation of radiation through a coated continuous web where layer thickness and refractive index, as variables, determine the speed and direction of transmitted radiation. The model predicts characteristics of transmitted radiation based on characteristics of incident radiation and initially assigned values for layer thicknesses. Coating thickness(s) are ascertained in a process whereby incident radiation of known characteristics is directed onto a coated web and thereafter, actual measurements of transmitted radiation are compared to predicted characteristics. Using a fitting algorithm, the assigned thickness(es) of the layer(s) of the model are adjusted and the process repeated until the actual and predicted values are within desired limits at which time, the assigned thickness(es) represent the measured calipers. Radiation measurements are obtained using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy apparatus that creates a continuous reference whereby a sample pulses' phase and amplitude can be tracked and corrected.
摘要:
A method includes receiving (410) at least one measurement of a dissolved carbon dioxide concentration of a mixture of fluid containing an autotrophic organism. The method also includes determining (420) an adjustment to one or more manipulated variables using the at least one measurement. The method further includes generating (430) one or more signals to modify the one or more manipulated variables based on the determined adjustment. The one or more manipulated variables could include a carbon dioxide flow rate, an air flow rate, a water temperature, and an agitation level for the mixture. At least one model (214) relates the dissolved carbon dioxide concentration to one or more manipulated variables, and the adjustment could be determined by using the at least one model to drive the dissolved carbon dioxide concentration to at least one target that optimize a goal function. The goal function could be to optimize biomass growth rate, nutrient removal and/or lipid production.