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    A method of linearizing a flow velocity sensor and a linearized flow velocity measurement apparatus
    3.
    发明公开
    A method of linearizing a flow velocity sensor and a linearized flow velocity measurement apparatus 失效
    用于流量传感器和线性化的流速测量装置线性化方法

    公开(公告)号：EP0718604A3

    公开(公告)日：1998-05-20

    申请号：EP95309266

    申请日：1995-12-20

    申请人： VAISALA OY

    发明人： RYHANEN TAPANI

    IPC分类号： G01P5/14 ,  G01F1/38 ,  G01F1/50 ,  G01L9/12 ,  G01P5/16

    CPC分类号： G01F1/50 ,  G01F1/383 ,  G01P5/16

    摘要： The invention relates to a method and apparatus for linearizing a flow velocity sensor based on pressure difference measurement. According to the method, such a difference of two pressure signals (4, 5) is measured from the flow under measurement that is proportional to the square of the flow velocity, the difference of said two pressure signals (4, 5) is measured using a micromechanically manufactured symmetrical capacitive differential pressure sensor (20) based on the force balance principle, in which sensor the pressure-induced deviation from force balance is compensated for by inducing on the pressure-sensing diaphragm (23) of said differential pressure sensor (20) a force-balance-restoring electrostatic pressure so that the pressure-sensing diaphragm (23) is subjected to the force-balance-restoring electrostatic force, whereby the amplitude of the force-balance-restoring electrical feedback control signal, which also acts as the system output signal, is directly proportional to the square root of said difference of said two pressure signals, and thus, a linear function of the flow velocity. According to the invention, said feedback control voltage depending on the direction of the pressure difference is applied only to either of the stationary electrodes (21 or 22) disposed on the same side relative to the sensing diaphragm so that the electrostatic force of attraction thus induced acts counter to the force generated by the pressure difference under measurement, whereby the polarity of the system output voltage signal is dependent on the direction of the flow.

    Method and apparatus for measuring road surface conditions
    7.
    发明公开
    Method and apparatus for measuring road surface conditions 失效
    Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Messung des Zustands einerStrassenoberfläche

    公开(公告)号：EP0762359A2

    公开(公告)日：1997-03-12

    申请号：EP96660043.9

    申请日：1996-08-16

    申请人： VAISALA OY

    发明人： Survo, Petteri ,  Haavasoja, Taisto

    IPC分类号： G08B19/02 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01W1/14

    CPC分类号： G08B19/02

    摘要： The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for measuring road surface conditions. In the method of measuring road surface conditions, the conditions prevailing on the surface (4, 30) of a road (2) are measured by means of a sensor head (1) placed mounted in the pavement of the road (2) with the top surface of the sensor head aligned essentially flush with the pavement (4) of the road. According to the invention, an optical signal is impinged from below on the top surface (30) of the road, the reflection/backscatter of the optical signal is measured inside the pavement layer (4) of the road, and weather/driving conditions prevailing on the road top surface (30) are determined from the reflected and backscattered signal values.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种测量路面状况的方法和装置。 在测量路面状况的方法中，通过安装在道路（2）的路面上的传感器头（1）测量道路（2）的表面（4,30）上存在的条件，其中 传感器头的顶表面基本上与道路的路面（4）齐平。 根据本发明，在道路的顶面（30）上从下方撞击光信号，在道路的路面层（4）内部测量光信号的反射/反向散射，并且天气/驾驶条件普遍 在路面上表面（30）上由反射和反向散射信号值确定。

    Electrically detected impedance detector for measurement of physical quantities, in particular of temperature of humidity, and process for manufacture of said detector
    8.
    发明公开
    Electrically detected impedance detector for measurement of physical quantities, in particular of temperature of humidity, and process for manufacture of said detector 失效
    用于测量物理量的电阻抗检测器，特别是温度或湿度，并处理它的制备

    公开(公告)号：EP0720017A1

    公开(公告)日：1996-07-03

    申请号：EP95850229.6

    申请日：1995-12-15

    申请人： VAISALA OY

    发明人： Antikainen, Veijo ,  Reittu, Osmo ,  Stuns, Ingmar ,  Tammela, Simo ,  Turtiainen, Heikki

    IPC分类号： G01N27/22 ,  G01K7/34

    CPC分类号： G01K7/343 ,  G01N27/225 ,  Y10T29/49082 ,  Y10T29/49117

    摘要： The invention concerns an electrical impedance detector for measurement of physical quantities, in particular of temperature or humidity, as well as a process for manufacture of said detectors. The impedance detector is composed of pieces cut off from a continuous detector filament (20). The detector filament (20) comprises an electrically conductive pair of electrode wires (10a, 10b) or an equivalent assembly of electrode wires, on/between which there is an active material (11) whose impedance properties are a function of the physical quantity to be measured. The different electrode wires (10a, 10b) of the detector filament (20) in the pieces of detector filament (20) have been cut off at different points (41a,41b), compared with one another, so that the impedance (CM) to be measured will be formed in the area (CV) between said cut-off points (41a,41b) of the electrode wires (10a,10b). As the starting material of the active material layer (11') in the detector, a glass paste (11P) is used, through which the pair of electrode wires (10a,10b) is drawn through the drying oven (34) onto the receiving frame (35). The stage of crystallization of the active material layer takes place in a separate heat-treatment stage which takes place after the winding stage.

    摘要翻译： 电阻抗检测器本发明涉及用于测量物理量，温度或湿度的具体，以及用于制备所述检测器的处理。 阻抗检测器由从连续长丝检测器（20）切断片。 检测器灯丝（20）导电对电极线（10A，10B）或电极布线的等效组件中的每个包括上/在其之间存在的活性物质（11），其阻抗特性的物理量的一个函数 进行测量。 不同的电极线（10A，10B）在检测器灯丝的片检测器灯丝（20）的（20）已经被在不同的点切断（41A，41B）彼此比较，所以做了阻抗（CM） 待测量将在所述截断点之间的区域（CV）来形成（41A，41B）的电极线（10A，10B）。 作为检测器的活性材料层（11“）的起始材料，玻璃糊（11P）时，通过该一对电极线（10A，10B）通过干燥炉（34）到接收绘制 框架（35）。 活性物质层的结晶的阶段发生在一个单独的热处理阶段的卷绕阶段之后其中发生。

    Electrically tunable fabry-perot interferometer produced by surface micromechanical techniques for use in optical material analysis
    9.
    发明公开
    Electrically tunable fabry-perot interferometer produced by surface micromechanical techniques for use in optical material analysis 失效
    电调谐，表面处理通过微观技术法布里 - 珀罗干涉仪对于制造的材料的光学调查。

    公开(公告)号：EP0668490A3

    公开(公告)日：1995-11-08

    申请号：EP95300799.4

    申请日：1995-02-09

    申请人： VAISALA OY

    发明人： Blomberg, Martti ,  Lehto, Ari ,  Orpana, Markku

    IPC分类号： G01J3/26

    CPC分类号： G02B26/001 ,  G01J3/26

    摘要： The invention relates to an electrostatically tunable Fabry-Perot interferometer produced by surface micromechanical techniques for use in optical material analysis as an optical sweeping filter in which the optical measurement wavelength is centered at a wavelength λ. According to the invention, the Fabry-Perot interferometer based sensor structure comprises a body block (1), two essentially parallel mirrors (41, 26) bonded to said body block (1), of which mirrors at least one (41) is partially transmitting and movable relative to the body block (1), said mirrors (41, 26) being spaced maximally by a few half-wavelengths, λ/2, from each other, and both of the mirror structures (41, 26) include integral electrode structures (6, 20) capable of effecting an electrostatic force between said mirror structures (41, 26). According to the invention, the movable mirror structure (41) is provided with structurally weakened regions (15) surrounding the optical area (24) of the mirror so as to facilitate keeping the optical area (24) at a maximum degree of flatness, and at least one (20) of the electrode structures is adapted to surround said optical area (24) so as to achieve a mechanical lever action and avoid galvanic contact between the electrode (20) of the movable mirror structure (41) and the electrode (6) of the fixed mirror structure (26).

    Method and arrangement in measurement of humidity, in particular in radiosondes
    10.
    发明公开
    Method and arrangement in measurement of humidity, in particular in radiosondes 失效
    Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Messung der Feuchtigkeit，insbesondere in Radiosonden。

    公开(公告)号：EP0645620A2

    公开(公告)日：1995-03-29

    申请号：EP94850151.5

    申请日：1994-09-05

    申请人： VAISALA OY

    发明人： Paukkunen, Ari

    IPC分类号： G01N25/56 ,  G01N27/04

    CPC分类号： G01W1/08 ,  G01N25/56

    摘要： Method and detector arrangement for measurement of relative humidity in particular in radiosondes (100). In the humidity detector (14), an active material is used whose electric properties are a function of the amount of water absorbed by said material. The humidity detector (14) is heated so as to remove any ice, frost or condensed humidity gathered on its face and/or in its vicinity. The temperature (T) of the humidity detector (14) and/or the ambient temperature (T a ) is/are detected, and this/these quantity/quantities is/are utilized in the computing of the humidity measurement values (U). The humidity detector (14) is protected by means of a mechanical shield construction (10) arranged around the detector. The shield construction (10) is heated to a temperature higher than the ambient temperature so that no substantial condensing or freezing of humidity takes place on the humidity detector (14) or on the structures in the vicinity of same.

    摘要翻译： 特别是在无线电探空仪（100）中测量相对湿度的方法和检测装置。 在湿度检测器（14）中，使用电性能是由所述材料吸收的水量的函数的活性物质。 湿度检测器（14）被加热以去除聚集在其表面和/或其附近的任何冰，霜或冷凝的湿气。 检测湿度检测器（14）的温度（T）和/或环境温度（Ta），并且在计算湿度测量值（U）时使用/这些量/数量。 湿度检测器（14）通过设置在检测器周围的机械屏蔽结构（10）来保护。 屏蔽结构（10）被加热到高于环境温度的温度，使得湿度检测器（14）或其附近的结构上不会发生实质的冷凝或湿度冻结。