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    Method and apparatus to measure the electrophoretic mobility of particles in solution
    2.
    发明公开
    Method and apparatus to measure the electrophoretic mobility of particles in solution 有权
    佛罗伦萨和佛罗里达州zum Messen derPartikelmobilität在Lösung

    公开(公告)号：EP2365327A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-09-14

    申请号：EP10197163.8

    申请日：2010-12-28

    申请人： WYATT TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION

    发明人： Trainoff, Steven P. ,  Hsieh, Hung-Te

    IPC分类号： G01N27/447

    CPC分类号： C08K5/20 ,  C08J3/203 ,  C08K5/098 ,  C08K5/523 ,  C08L23/12 ,  G01N27/44721 ,  G01N2021/4769 ,  G01N2021/479 ,  G01N2021/513

    摘要： A method and apparatus is disclosed for measurement of the Electrophoretic mobility of particles and molecules in solution. A sample of particles is placed in a cell containing two electrodes that apply an alternating electric field. A monochromatic light beam passes through the sample. Light scattered by the particles, along with the unscattered beam, is collected and collimated as it exits the cell. This beam is combined in free space with a phase modulated reference beam. The interference forms a frequency modulated speckle pattern, which is detected by a photodetector array. Each array element collects a narrow range of well-defined scattering angles. The signal from each is demodulated to extract the optical phase information providing a first-principle measurement of the Electrophoretic mobility of the scattering particles. Each detector element provides a simultaneous independent measurement. This inherent parallelism drastically increases the amount of information available in a given time. The resulting increased sensitivity extends the mobility measurement to particles below one nanometer, reduces the required concentration and electric field compared to previous methods. This minimizes damage to fragile samples, increases the electrode useful life, and reduces joule heating. Electrophoretic mobility is a critically important parameter for predicting the stability of nanoparticle suspensions and pharmaceutical formulations such as protein therapeutics. This invention enables reliable free-solution phase measurement of these samples.

    摘要翻译： 公开了用于测量溶液中颗粒和分子的电泳迁移率的方法和装置。 将颗粒样品放置在包含施加交变电场的两个电极的电池中。 单色光束通过样品。 颗粒散射的光以及未散射的光束在离开细胞时被收集和准直。 该光束在自由空间中与相位调制参考光束组合。 干扰形成调频散斑图案，其由光电检测器阵列检测。 每个阵列元素收集一系列明确定义的散射角。 来自每个的信号被解调以提取光学相位信息，提供散射粒子的电泳迁移率的第一原理测量。 每个检测器元件提供同时独立的测量。 这种固有的并行性大大增加了给定时间内可用的信息量。 所产生的增加的灵敏度将迁移率测量扩展到低于1纳米的颗粒，与以前的方法相比，减少了所需的浓度和电场。 这最大限度地减少对脆性样品的损伤，增加电极使用寿命，并减少焦耳加热。 电泳迁移率是预测纳米颗粒悬浮液和药物制剂如蛋白质治疗剂的稳定性的关键参数。 本发明实现了这些样品的可靠的自由相测量。

    Automatic bridge balancing means and method for a capillary bridge viscometer
    4.
    发明公开
    Automatic bridge balancing means and method for a capillary bridge viscometer 有权
    自动桥平衡方法以及用于毛细管Brückenviskometer

    公开(公告)号：EP1707941A3

    公开(公告)日：2006-11-02

    申请号：EP06005061.4

    申请日：2006-03-13

    申请人： WYATT TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION

    发明人： Trainoff, Steven

    IPC分类号： G01N11/08

    CPC分类号： G01N11/08 ,  G01N2011/002

    摘要： A thermally controlled stage is connected within one arm of a bridge of a capillary bridge viscometer so that the bridge can be balanced in situ to provide accurate measurement signals. The thermally controlled stage includes a tuning capillary tubing portion that is wrapped around a thermally conductive core. A resistance heater or a Peltier thermoelectric device is located in close proximity to the capillary tubing portion. The heater or Peltier device and the capillary tubing portion are located within a thermally insulated housing. The heater or Peltier device varies the temperature of the capillary tubing portion to cause a corresponding change in the flow impedance of the tuning capillary tubing portion of the arm of the bridge in which the thermally controlled stage is connected. The temperature of the tuning capillary tubing portion is monitored and adjusted until any pressure differential across the bridge is eliminated, whereby to trim in the balance of the bridge.

    Enhanced sensitivity differential refractometer measurement cell
    5.
    发明公开
    Enhanced sensitivity differential refractometer measurement cell 审中-公开
    增强灵敏度差示折光仪测量单元

    公开(公告)号：EP1560016A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-08-03

    申请号：EP04024332.1

    申请日：2004-10-13

    申请人： Wyatt Technology Corporation

    发明人： Larkin, Michael I.

    IPC分类号： G01N21/41

    CPC分类号： G01N21/4133

    摘要： A sensitivity-enhanced flow cell to be used in the determination of the differential refractive index increment of a sample fluid relative to a reference fluid is disclosed. The invention permits the use of smaller sample amounts without sacrificing overall sensitivity. Equally important, said improved How cell produces measurements of increased precision without requirement for increased sample amount. This is achieved by means of two chambers within said cell whose volumes are different. The sample fluid chamber is the smaller of the two with the reference fluid chamber constructed so that the incident illumination beam, upon passage through said sample chamber and displacement by the partition element located therebetween said sample and reference chambers, passes through said reference chamber without grazing any of the confining walls or striking corners of said sensitivity-enhanced flow cell. As the amount of deflection of said transmitted beam depends upon the refractive indices of the fluids relative to the transparent matter of which the containing cell is comprised, as well as the RI difference between said fluids themselves, the reference chamber is designed to transmit said incident light beam without grazing degradation thereof for all practical ranges of expected fluid and cell refractive indices.

    摘要翻译： 公开了用于确定样本流体相对于参考流体的差示折射率增量的灵敏度增强流动单元。 本发明允许使用较小的样品量而不牺牲总体灵敏度。 同样重要的是，改进的细胞如何提高测量精度而不需要增加样品量。 这是通过在体积不同的所述单元内的两个室来实现的。 样品流体室是两个中较小的一个，其中参考流体室构造成使得入射照射束在通过所述样品室并且通过位于其间的分隔元件移位时使所述样品室和参考室在没有放牧的情况下穿过所述参考室 所述灵敏度增强的流动池的任何限制壁或撞击角。 由于所述透射光束的偏转量取决于流体相对于包含所述容纳单元的透明物质的折射率以及所述流体本身之间的RI差异，所述参考腔室被设计成将所述事件 光束不会在所有预期的流体和单元折射率的实际范围内变差。

    Refractometer and method for measuring refractive index
    6.
    发明公开
    Refractometer and method for measuring refractive index 有权
    Refraktometer und Verfahren zur absoluten und relativen Messung des Brechungsindexes

    公开(公告)号：EP1538435A2

    公开(公告)日：2005-06-08

    申请号：EP04013578.2

    申请日：2004-06-09

    申请人： Wyatt Technology Corporation

    发明人： Larkin, Michael I.

    IPC分类号： G01N21/41

    CPC分类号： G01N21/4133

    摘要： A cell for a walk-off refractometer is disclosed that permits measurement of the differential refractive index, DRI, between a sample fluid and a reference fluid. In addition, the new cell design permits the measurement of the refractive index, RI, of a fluid relative to the refractive index of the material comprising or surrounding the flow cell. Thus a single instrument may be used to measure separately the RI of a sample fluid and the DRI between a sample fluid and a reference fluid. The new flow cell contains two chambers, typical of a DRI instrument, but an asymmetric internal angle in either the sample or the reference chamber. By the provision of this structure, it is an objective of this invention to be able to measure the refractive index of a fluid relative to the refractive index of the material comprising the flow cell or relative to the medium surrounding the flow cell, either of which may be considered a measurement of the RI of the fluid. With the addition of mirror means, it is the further objective of this invention to improve its sensitivity. A further objective of the invention is to measure the asymmetric internal angle of the flow cell using well-characterized reference fluids.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于离散折射计的电池，其允许测量样品流体和参考流体之间的差示折射率DRI。 此外，新的电池设计允许测量流体相对于包含或围绕流动池的材料的折射率的折射率RI。 因此，可以使用单个仪器来单独测量样品流体的RI和样品流体和参考流体之间的DRI。 新的流通池包含两个典型的DRI仪器室，但在样品或参考室中都有不对称内角。 通过提供这种结构，本发明的目的是能够测量流体相对于包含流动池的材料的折射率或相对于围绕流动池的介质的折射率，其中任何一种 可以被认为是流体的RI的测量。 通过添加镜面装置，本发明的另一个目的是提高其灵敏度。 本发明的另一个目的是使用良好表征的参考流体来测量流动池的不对称内角。

    Method for determining absolute number densities of particles in suspension
    7.
    发明公开
    Method for determining absolute number densities of particles in suspension 有权
    Verfahren zur Bestimmung der absoluten Teilchenzahldichte in einer Suspension

    公开(公告)号：EP1507136A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-02-16

    申请号：EP04013525.3

    申请日：2004-06-08

    申请人： Wyatt Technology Corporation

    发明人： Wyatt, Philip J. ,  Weida, Miles J.

    IPC分类号： G01N15/02 ,  G01N30/00

    CPC分类号： G01N21/51 ,  G01N2030/003

    摘要： A method for determining absolute number densities of particles in a solution is disclosed based on a light scattering method. A light scattering photometer is calibrated to produce the Rayleigh ratio at each angle measured with respect to light scattered per unit incident intensity, per unit volume illuminated within the field of view of each detector per steradian subtended by said detector. In order that the numbers calculated be accurate, the illuminated particles should be effectively monodisperse. From the excess Rayleigh ratios measured at a plurality of angles with respect to the incident light beam illuminating said sample particles, an effective size is calculated which, in turn, is used to calculate the differential scattered intensity at each angle. The number of particles per unit volume element is then determined from the measured excess Rayleigh ratio divided by the corresponding differential scattered intensity.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种基于光散射法确定溶液中颗粒的绝对数密度的方法。 校准光散射光度计，以在相对于每单位入射强度散射的每个角度测量的每个角度产生瑞利比，每单位体积在由所述检测器对向的每个测定器的每个检测器的视野范围内照射。 为了准确计算出的数字，照射的粒子应该是有效的单分散的。 从相对于照射所述样品颗粒的入射光束的多个角度测量的多余的瑞利比，计算有效尺寸，其又用于计算每个角度处的差分散射强度。 然后根据测得的超额瑞利比除以相应的差分散射强度，确定每单位体积元素的颗粒数。

    A process and apparatus for identifying or characterizing small particles
    9.
    发明公开
    A process and apparatus for identifying or characterizing small particles 失效
    用于鉴定和表征更小的颗粒的方法和装置。

    公开(公告)号：EP0098095A2

    公开(公告)日：1984-01-11

    申请号：EP83303602.3

    申请日：1983-06-22

    申请人： WYATT TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION

    发明人： Wyatt, Philip, Dr. ,  Quist, Gregory M.

    IPC分类号： G01N15/00 ,  G01N21/53

    CPC分类号： G01N15/1436 ,  G01N15/1459 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01N2015/0088

    摘要： The characterization and/or identification of individual microparticles is achieved by measuring certain optical observables produced as each particle passes through a beam of light, or other electromagnetic radiation. A fine beam of, preferably, monocromatic linearly polarized light passes through a spherical array (30) of detectors (8), or fiber optics means to transmit incident light to a set of detector means, and a stream of particles intersects the beam at the center of the spherical array (30). Selected observables calculated from the detected scattered radiation are then used to recall specific maps, from a computer memory means (11,22) one for each observable. The common overlap region of said maps yields characterizing or identifying particle physical parameters such as size, mean refractive index, and shape. A method for rapidly discriminating non-spherically symmetric particles is also disclosed.

    摘要翻译： 表征和/或单独微粒的识别是通过测量每个粒子通过光或其他电磁辐射的光束产生的某些光学观测实现。 的，A精细光束优选地，monocromatic线性偏振光通过检测器（8），或光纤的球形阵列（30）指的入射光发射到一组检测器手段，和颗粒的料流在所述光束相交 球形阵列（30）的中心。 从检测到的散射辐射的计算选择的观测量，然后用于召回特定的地图，从计算机存储装置（11,22）一个用于每个观察到。 说的公共交叠区域映射产率特征或颗粒识别物理参数：诸如尺寸，平均折射率，和形状。 一种用于鉴别快速非球形对称粒子gibt游离缺失盘方法。