Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for the work-up of acidic or basic ionic liquids (IL) of the general formula (I), [A]+(1/n)*[Y]− (I) where [A]+ is a quaternary ammonium cation and (1/n)*[Y]n− is one anion equivalent of an n-fold charged anion, which comprises adding a conjugate acid-base pair selected from among compounds of the formula (II), [A]+[X]− (II) where [A]+ has the meaning given for the ionic liquid and [X]− is a conjugate base to the ionic liquid (IL).
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for improving the hydrolysis stability of ionic liquids (IL), wherein at least one tertiary amine or a quaternary ammonia compound, which is different from the ionic liquid (IL), is added to an ionic liquid (IL).
Abstract:
A process for the preparation of acylphosphines of formula (I) wherein m is 1 or 2; R1, R2, and R3 are organic residues derived from aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons; by (1) reacting organic phosphorus halides of formula (II) wherein Y is Br or Cl,with an alkali metal in a solvent in the presence of an activator, wherein the alkali metal is present in the form of a dispersion of alkali metal particles having a mean particle size of ≤ 500 µm in the solvent, (2) subsequent reaction with acid halides of formula (III) which process is carried out without isolation of the intermediates. Preferably, R1, R2 and R3 are independently from each other phenyl, naphthyl and bi-phenyl, being unsubstituted or substituted by one to five halogen, C1-C8 alky and/or C1-C8 alkoxy. Most preferably, R1 and R3 are phenyl and R2 is 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl. The alkali metal is preferably sodium, the activator is preferably chlorobenzene and/or n-butanol.
Abstract:
The invention relates to the acyl- and bisacylphosphine derivatives according to formula (I), wherein Y represents O, S, NR3, N-OR3 or N-NR3R4, Z represents O, S, NR3, N-OR3, N-NR3R4 or a free pair of electrons, and FG represents a leaving group and the remaining groups are defined as in the description. The invention further relates to a method for the production of the inventive derivatives and to their use.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for synthesizing cyclohexyl-substituted phosphines. In addition, the invention relates to a method for synthesizing cyclohexyl-substituted phosphine oxides which can be used as intermediate products in the synthesis of cyclohexyl-substituted phosphines of Formula (I), in which R represents a group of Formula (II), or a linear or branched alkyl group with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, which carries the 1, 2, 3, or 4 groups of Formula (III) and which may carry, in addition, 1 to 4 substituents of Formula (IV); X and Y independently represent O or NR8.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing arylcarboxylic acid chlorides (I) substituted at least once by aryl (C1-C20) and/or halogen consisting, at a first stage thereof, in reacting an aromatic compound (II) substituted at least once by alkyl (C1-C20) and/or halogen with CCl4 in the presence of a Friedel-craft catalyst in such a way that corresponding trichlormethylated aromatic compounds (III) at least once substituted by aryl (C1-C20) and/or halogen are obtainable. At a second stage, the trichlormethylated aromatic compound (III) is treated with water or a proton acid in the presence of a catalyst, whereby making it possible to obtain an arylcarboxylic acid chloride (I). In the preferred embodiment, said trichlormethylated aromatic compound (III) is not isolated in the form of an intermediate product and, at the second stage used dissolved in the solvent of the first stage.
Abstract:
The invention relates to polymer backbones, especially polysaccharide backbones, which are suitable for producing artificial tissue. The invention also relates to their use for producing artificial tissue and to artificial tissue produced from such polymer backbones.