摘要:
Methods, compositions, systems, and kits comprising modified proteins, particularly modified nucleic acid-binding proteins and DNA polymerases with altered buffering properties are provided. For example, in some embodiments, methods of forming modified proteins including one or more amino acid modifications to achieve desired pKa values are described. Furthermore, the invention provides methods for using such modified proteins in ion-producing reactions, such as ion-based nucleic acid sequencing reactions.
摘要:
A method of sequencing a polynucleotide strand may include following operations: (i) providing the polynucleotide strand with a primer annealed thereto and a polymerase operably bound to the polynucleotide strand, and (ii) successively exposing the polynucleotide strand to the flow of four different dNTPs according to a predetermined ordering. The predetermined ordering may include an alternate ordering which is not a continuous repeat of an ordering of the four different dNTPs.
摘要:
An apparatus may include an array of sensors, a plurality of microwells, a row addressing circuit, a column addressing circuit, and analog-to-digital converters. Each sensor includes a two-transistor circuit with a chemically-sensitive field effect transistor (chemFET) and a row select transistor and each chemFETs has a floating gate structure and a passivation material located over at least a subset of the floating gate structures. The microwells define a plurality of cavities disposed over at least a portion of the floating gate structures and are of a size and shape capable of retaining analyte therein. The column addressing circuit is suitable for supplying output from each sensor in the array of sensors. The analog-to-digital converters are used for each column in the sensor array to convert an analog output of the column addressing circuit to digital form.
摘要:
Methods and apparatus relating to FET arrays including large FET arrays for monitoring chemical and/or biological reactions such as nucleic acid sequencing-by-synthesis reactions. Some methods provided herein relate to improving signal (and also signal to noise ratio) from released hydrogen ions during nucleic acid sequencing reactions.
摘要:
A method of sequencing a polynucleotide strand may include following operations: (i) providing the polynucleotide strand with a primer annealed thereto and a polymerase operably bound to the polynucleotide strand, and (ii) successively exposing the polynucleotide strand to the flow of four different dNTPs according to a predetermined ordering. The predetermined ordering may include an alternate ordering which is not a continuous repeat of an ordering of the four different dNTPs.
摘要:
A method of sequencing a polynucleotide strand may include following operations: (i) providing the polynucleotide strand with a primer annealed thereto and a polymerase operably bound to the polynucleotide strand, and (ii) successively exposing the polynucleotide strand to the flow of four different dNTPs according to a predetermined ordering. The predetermined ordering may include an alternate ordering which is not a continuous repeat of an ordering of the four different dNTPs.
摘要:
A method of sequencing a polynucleotide strand may include following operations: (i) providing the polynucleotide strand with a primer annealed thereto and a polymerase operably bound to the polynucleotide strand, and (ii) successively exposing the polynucleotide strand to the flow of four different dNTPs according to a predetermined ordering. The predetermined ordering may include an alternate ordering which is not a continuous repeat of an ordering of the four different dNTPs.