摘要:
The invention relates to an apparatus for performing membrane gas/liquid absorption at elevated pressure, comprising a pressure vessel in which a membrane unit is provided for separate feed-through of the gas phase and the liquid phase, in such a way that exchange of components to be absorbed can take place between the gas phase and the liquid phase, the flow direction of the gas phase through the absorber being essentially perpendicular to the flow direction of the liquid phase through the absorber. The invention further relates to a method for performing gas/liquid membrane absorption employing this absorber, in particular for the absorption of CO2, H2S, mercury (vapour) and/or water (vapour) from a gas phase at elevated pressure. The invention finally relates to a method for refining natural gas using the absorber and method according to the invention.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for removing gaseous oxidisable constituents from a gas phase, wherein the oxidisable constituents are absorbed in a liquid phase which contains an oxidising agent for the gaseous oxidisable constituents, the gas phase and the liquid phase being fed on either side along a membrane which is permeable to the constituents to be absorbed. The invention also relates to a method for performing membrane gas absorption, wherein the gas phase contains at least one gaseous oxidisable constituent, the liquid phase contains at least one oxidising agent, such that at least one of the oxidisable gaseous constituents is absorbed into the liquid phase, an oxidation/reduction reaction between the gaseous constituents and the oxidising agent taking place in at least one step. The invention is preferably employed in the removal of ethene during the storage of fruit, the removal of mercury (vapour) from natural gas and the removal of H2S, at concentrations of 0.001-10 mg/m3. The membranes are preferably in the form of hollow fibres.
摘要:
Un procédé de séparation utilisant une membrane et servant à déshydrater un mélange de gaz, de vapeur ou de liquides à l'aide de lévaporation à travers une membrane, de la pénétration de vapeur ou du dégazage, consiste à faire passer le mélange le long de la face rétentive d'une membrane et à générer une force d'entraînement afin de transporter de l'eau à travers la membrane jusqu'à la face à perméat de celle-ci. Afin de diminuer le volume du perméat, d'améliorer le coefficient de rendement (COP) et de réduire les coûts d'achat et d'entretien du matériel générateur de la force d'entraînement, une solution très concentrée d'un ou plusieurs sels hygroscopiques (de la saumure) se situe du côté à perméat de la membrane. De préférence, le pouvoir hygroscopique des saumures, exprimé sous forme de pourcentage de réduction de la pression de vapeur par rapport à celle de l'eau pure, a une valeur supérieure à 50 %, et de préférence supérieure à 80 %.
摘要:
The invention provides a method for the purification of a liquid by membrane distillation comprising: - passing a heated vapourising stream of a liquid (retentate stream) through a retentate channel over a porous membrane, whereby vapour of the liquid flows via the pores of the membrane to the other side of said membrane, and - condensing said vapour on the other side of said membrane to give a distillate stream in a distillate channel which distillate is created by passing the heat of condensation (latent heat) towards a condenser surface, said condenser surface forming a non-porous separation between a feed stream of the liquid to be purified and said distillate stream, which feed stream is passed through a feed channel in counter-current with the retentate stream, whereby at least part of the latent heat is transferred via the condenser surface to the feed stream, characterised in that, a positive liquid pressure difference is applied between the retentate stream and the feed stream at the corresponding points of the retentate channel and the feed channel over at least a part of each of the retentate channel and feed channel. The invention further provides an apparatus suitable for use in said method.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a method for fractionating a liquid mixture `L2! containing a low-boiling (most volatile) and hi gh-boiling (least volatile) component, in which use is made of membrane contactors `1,2!. The liquis mixture `L2! is passed through a l iquid channel `23,25! of a membrane contactor `1,2! whereby a vapor `V1,V2! enriched in low-boiling component and a liquid `L0,l1! enriched in high-boiling component are formed. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out this method, in which a number of membrane contactors are coupled.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for removing gaseous oxidisable constituents from a gas phase, wherein the oxidisable constituents are absorbed in a liquid phase which contains an oxidising agent for the gaseous oxidisable constituents, the gas phase and the liquid phase being fed on either side along a membrane which is permeable to the constituents to be absorbed. The invention also relates to a method for performing membrane gas absorption, wherein the gas phase contains at least one gaseous oxidisable constituent, the liquid phase contains at least one oxidising agent, such that at least one of the oxidisable gaseous constituents is absorbed into the liquid phase, an oxidation/reduction reaction between the gaseous constituents and the oxidising agent taking place in at least one step. The invention is preferably employed in the removal of ethene during the storage of fruit, the removal of mercury (vapour) from natural gas and the removal of H2S, at concentrations of 0.001-10 mg/m . The membranes are preferably in the form of hollow fibres.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a reactor for carrying out gas phase/liquid phase/solid phase reactions, comprising a housing (1) which encloses an essentially closed reaction chamber (2) for holding a first liquid phase, the solid phase and a gas phase (fed through said chamber); at least one feed (3), connected to the reaction chamber, for feeding a first liquid phase to the reaction chamber (2); at least one hollow fibre (4), the wall of which defines an internal flow channel for at least removing a second liquid phase, such that exchange of matter can take place between the reaction chamber (2) and the flow channel through the wall of hollow fibre (4); at least one discharge (6), connected to the flow channel, for removing the second liquid phase; at least one gas inlet (7) and at least one gas outlet (8), connected to reaction chamber (2) such that, in the use position, the at least one gas inlet (7) opens essentially into the bottom of the reaction chamber (2) and the at least one gas outlet (8) is located essentially at the top of the reaction chamber (2), for feeding the gas phase essentially in the upward direction through the reaction chamber (2). The invention further relates to a method for carrying out gas phase/liquid phase/solid phase reactions, using the above reactor. The hollow fibres are preferably of a ceramic material. The reactor is preferably a DAM module and/or suitable for use at elevated temperature and pressure.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for the absorption of one or more gaseous components from a gas phase, in that the gas phase with the component(s) to be absorbed present therein is brought into contact with a liquid phase, wherein the gas phase and the liquid phase are separated by a hydrophobic membrane of a material other than polytetrafluoroethene, wherein the liquid phase comprises water and a water-miscible and/or water-soluble absorbent, and wherein the liquid phase does not give rise to any leakage from the membrane or is effective in preventing or counteracting leakage from the membrane. According to a first preferred aspect, the liquid phase comprises water and a water-miscible and/or water-soluble organic absorbent, wherein the surface tension at 20 °C has been brought to at least 60 x 10-3 N/m by adding a water-soluble salt. According to a second preferred aspect, the liquid phase comprises an aqueous solution of a water-soluble amino acid or a salt thereof, such as taurine and derivatives. According to a third preferred aspect, the liquid phase comprises an aqueous solution of a water-soluble phosphate salt. The membranes are preferably in the form of hollow fibres of, for example, polypropene or polyethene. The method is suitable in particular for the absorption of carbon dioxide.