摘要:
Improved processes for the preparation of olefins, unsaturated carboxylic acids and unsaturated nitriles involve the use of dehydrogenation catalysts suitable for the conversion of alkanes to alkenes and catalysts suitable for the conversion of alkanes and/or alkenes to unsaturated carboxylic acids or unsaturated nitriles.
摘要:
A process for preparing a catalyst is disclosed. The catalyst is useful for the gas phase oxidation of alkanes to unsaturated aldehydes or carboxylic acids or for the ammoxidation of alkanes to unsaturated nitriles. The catalyst is prepared by calcination of the catalyst precursor at a temperature of at least 650°C in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. The calcination step can be carried out in at least two stages, the first stage being calcination in an oxidizing atmosphere and the second stage in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.
摘要:
A method for dispersing ceramic materials in aqueous media is disclosed. The method uses water-soluble polymers as dispersants and may be used for dispersing various classes of ceramic materials, including oxide, carbide, and nitride ceramics. The method is useful for dispersing ceramic materials known to present difficulties in forming aqueous dispersions. The polymeric dispersant may be made using conventional polymerization techniques such as solution polymerization.
摘要:
Melamine-containing photoresists are disclosed that display increased sensitivity, measured as lithographic potential, when compared to known photoresists that contain melamine resin as a crosslinker. The melamine resin in these photoresists contains a higher percent, by weight, of monomeric hexamethoxymethylmelamine than in known resists.
摘要:
Methods of preparing libraries of chemical compositions by reacting numerous precursor materials in a plurality of reaction zones are disclosed. The present invention provides processes for the preparation of libraries of chemical compositions in individual reaction zones wherein some of the reaction conditions of the reaction zone may be independently controlled.
摘要:
A method for forming parts from inorganic particulate materials is disdosed. The method utilizes a two-component binder composition which is removable at a faster rate than conventional binder compositions, thereby reducing the formation of voids and cracks that occur during binder removal. No toxic materials are required and the method does not rely on solvents. The method may be used with ceramics, metals, and cermets.
摘要:
A method of using highly branched novolak resins in photoresists is provided. The use of highly branched novolak resins as a film-forming binder component in a photoresist composition has been shown to increase the photospeed and lithographic contrast of the photoresist relative to photoresists containing novolak ploymers having lower degrees of branching. The highly branched novolaks are particularly useful in negative-acting photoresists, and more particularly in negative-acting, acid-hardening photoresists.
摘要:
A method for preparing branched novolak polymers possessing excellent lithographic performance is provided. The method involves the acid catalyzed reaction of a tris- or tetrakis(dialkylaminoalkyl) phenol or bisphenol with one or more phenol having at least one unsubstituted ortho- or para- ring position. The branched novolaks are soluble in aqueous base and organic solvent solutions and are particularly useful as the polyeric component of either positive-acting or negative-acting photoresist compositions.