摘要:
The disclosed invention relates to a process, comprising: conducting unit operations in at least two process zones in a process micro channel to treat and/or form a non-Newtonian fluid, a different unit operation being conducted in each process zone; and applying an effective amount of shear stress to the non-Newtonian fluid to reduce the viscosity of the non-Newtonian fluid in each process zone, the average shear rate in one process zone differing from the average shear rate in another process zone by a factor of at least about 1.2. The shear stress may be applied to the non-Newtonian fluid by flowing it through a microchannel having a converging cross-sectional area. The shear stress may also be applied by flowing the said fluid in contact with microchannel surface features, structures, obstructions or coatings.
摘要:
The invention is a process and device for exchanging heat energy between streams in a microchannel heat exchanger which can be integrated with a microchannel reactor to form an integrated microchannel processing unit. The invention enables the combining of a plurality of integrated microchannel devices to provide the benefits of large-scale operation. In particular, the process comprises: (a) carrying out an endothermic reaction in a first microchannel; (b) flowing a fuel through a second microchannel; (c) flowing an oxidizer through a third microchannel; (d) combining the oxidizer and the fuel, wherein the fuel and the oxidizer are converted to at least one exhaust product, whereby thermal energy is produced; and (e) transferring at least a portion of the thermal energy to the first microchannel.
摘要:
The invention provided an apparatus for the production of VAM, comprising: a continuous reaction channel comprising at least 2 catalyst-free mixing zones alternating with at least 2 catalyst-containing reaction zones; and a cooling channel adjacent to the reaction channel, wherein the catalyst in the at least 2 catalyst-containing reaction zones comprises Pd and Au.
摘要:
This invention describes gas-solid, liquid-solid and gas-solid-liquid processes in microchannels devices including such processes as heterogeneous catalysis, particle formation, particle attrition, particle separation and adsorption or desorption of selected species. Various processes can be enhanced by the unique properties of microchannels such as the predominance of laminar flow, high rates of shear, high rates of heat transfer and high rates of mass transfer. Also encompassed by this invention are methods for the introduction to and removal from microchannels of particle containing fluid streams.
摘要:
The present invention provides catalysts, reactors, and methods of steam reforming over a catalyst. Surprisingly superior results and properties obtained in methods and catalysts of the present invention are also described. For example, a coated catalyst was demonstrated to be highly stable under steam reforming conditions (high temperature and high pressure of steam). Methods of making steam reforming catalysts are also described.
摘要:
The invention provided an apparatus for the production of VAM, comprising: a continuous reaction channel comprising at least 2 catalyst-free mixing zones alternating with at least 2 catalyst-containing reaction zones; and a cooling channel adjacent to the reaction channel, wherein the catalyst in the at least 2 catalyst-containing reaction zones comprises Pd and Au.
摘要:
This invention relates to a process for hydroprocessing heavy oil under process intensification conditions to form an upgraded hydrocarbon product.
摘要:
The invention described herein concerns microchannel apparatus that contains, within the same device, at least one manifold and multiple connecting microchannels that connect with the manifold. For superior heat or mass flux in the device, the volume of the connecting microchannels should exceed the volume of manifold or manifolds. Methods of conducting unit operations in microchannel devices having simultaneous disrupted and non-disrupted flow through microchannels is also described.
摘要:
The invention describes features that can be used to control flow to an array of microchannels. The invention also describes methods in which a process stream is distributed to plural microchannels.
摘要:
Internal microchannels within microchannel apparatus are uniformly coated. Remarkably, these uniform coatings are formed from materials that are applied to the interior microchannels after an apparatus has been assembled or manufactured. Coatings can be made uniform along the length of a microchannel, in the corner of a microchannel, and/or throughout numerous microchannels in an array of microchannels. Techniques for tailoring the application of washcoats onto microchannels is also described.