摘要:
A method of determining an operational parameter of a washing system having a wash tank to which water and material are added. In some embodiments, the method includes establishing a communication link between a sensor and a controller. The sensor is positioned in the wash tank and transmits a signal indicative of a material concentration. The controller receives the signal. Additionally, the method includes adding material to water in the wash tank, monitoring the material concentration while material is being added, and stopping the material addition upon the material concentration reaching a predetermined material concentration. The controller then determines an operational parameter indicative of the amount of material that is needed to reach the predetermined material concentration.
摘要:
A device (18) for measuring relative viscosity includes an apparatus (29) that can be movably mounted within a fluid reservoir (12) and a sensing system. The apparatus has two members (32, 34), with one member being more bendable than the other. When the apparatus is moving, the sensing system detects a differential bend between the members; the differential bend is related to the viscosity of a fluid when the fluid is included in the fluid reservoir in which the apparatus is movably mounted. The sensing system includes two spaced sensors (40, 42) which detect when magnets (36, 38) on the members pass the sensors. A timer provides a time lapsed between passage of one member past a sensor and passage of the other member past the other sensor. The time lapse is related to the viscosity of the fluid in the fluid reservoir. A controller controls the addition of a solvent to the fluid.
摘要:
It is known to use a streaming current detector (SCD) in a system for monitoring the charge condition of a sample fluid and for controlling the addition of a flocculating/coagulating agent to the fluid. It is further known to arrange the SCD to monitor a sample taken from the fluid supply, and to connect the SCD in a feedback loop to directly control the dosing of the flocculating agent into the fluid supply. Difficulties arise in complex systems, and improper control over flocculant dosing results from the effect of dosing adjustment being overshadowed by other charge-varying influences. The invention proposes a solution in which a secondary feedback loop involving dosing of a chemical (which may be the same as that added to the main supply) into the sample supply is provided aroung the SCD itself. In this way, the corrective effect of the secondary dosing is not overwhelmed by the other influences.
摘要:
When a resist composition is applied onto a silicon wafer, the resist composition scattering from a spinner is collected into a preparatory recovery tank (2) and is then sent into a recovery tank (3) having a thermostating means (6) and a viscosity measurement means (4). When the viscosity of the resist composition in the recovery tank is found high on measurement, a necessary amount of a solvent is supplied automatically from solvent supply means (5, 5') to adjust the viscosity to a specified one, and the resist composition is stored in a storage tank (7) and is sent to a coating chamber (1) when necessary. In this manner, the scattering resist can be reused.
摘要:
The disclosed invention relates to a process, comprising: conducting unit operations in at least two process zones in a process micro channel to treat and/or form a non-Newtonian fluid, a different unit operation being conducted in each process zone; and applying an effective amount of shear stress to the non-Newtonian fluid to reduce the viscosity of the non-Newtonian fluid in each process zone, the average shear rate in one process zone differing from the average shear rate in another process zone by a factor of at least about 1.2. The shear stress may be applied to the non-Newtonian fluid by flowing it through a microchannel having a converging cross-sectional area. The shear stress may also be applied by flowing the said fluid in contact with microchannel surface features, structures, obstructions or coatings.