公开(公告)号：US5258791A

公开(公告)日：1993-11-02

申请号：US557263

申请日：1990-07-24

申请人： Carl M. Penney ,  Robert H. Webb ,  Jerome J. Tiemann ,  Keith P. Thompson

发明人： Carl M. Penney ,  Robert H. Webb ,  Jerome J. Tiemann ,  Keith P. Thompson

IPC分类号： A61B3/103 ,  A61B3/14 ,  A61B3/10

CPC分类号： A61B3/103 ,  A61B3/14

摘要： A spatially resolved map of the eye's refractive characteristics are provided by measuring the eye's refractive characteristics on a point-by-point basis across the anterior surface of the eye. This spatially resolved refraction data may be obtained subjectively by providing a reference pattern and a measurement beam, by establishing a particular position on the cornea as the location to be measured and manipulating the orientation of the measurement beam at that measurement point to bring the measurement beam to a desired position relative to the reference image. When the patient indicates that the measurement beam is in the desired position relative to the reference pattern, the orientation of the beam is recorded as the refractive data for that measurement point and the process proceeds to another measurement point. This provides relatively rapid, physiologically accurate refractive data on a spatially resolved basis. Alternatively, this spatially resolved refraction data may be obtained objectively by independently controlling the position and orientation of a measurement beam and using a feedback null system to determine the refractive characteristics. This enables rapid, automatic non-subjective determination of the refractive characteristics of the eye and thereby provides the ability to provide improved correction of the eye. This spatially resolved refraction information enables spatially resolved correction of vision by spatially resolved shaping of the anterior surface of the eye.

摘要翻译： 通过在眼睛的前表面上逐点测量眼睛的折射特性来提供眼睛折射特性的空间分辨图。 可以通过提供参考图案和测量光束来主观地获得该空间分辨折射数据，通过在角膜上建立特定位置作为要测量的位置并操纵测量光束在该测量点处的取向以使测量光束 到相对于参考图像的期望位置。 当患者指示测量光束相对于参考图案处于期望位置时，光束的取向被记录为该测量点的折射数据，并且该过程进行到另一个测量点。 这在空间分辨的基础上提供相对快速的，生理学上准确的折射数据。 或者，可以通过独立地控制测量光束的位置和取向并使用反馈零系统来确定折射特性，从而客观地获得该空间分辨折射数据。 这使得能够快速，自动地非主观地确定眼睛的折射特性，从而提供改善眼睛矫正的能力。 这种空间分辨的折射信息能够通过眼睛前表面的空间分辨成形来进行空间分辨的视觉校正。

公开(公告)号：US5214455A

公开(公告)日：1993-05-25

申请号：US677902

申请日：1991-04-01

申请人： Carl M. Penney ,  Keith P. Thompson ,  Robert H. Webb

发明人： Carl M. Penney ,  Keith P. Thompson ,  Robert H. Webb

IPC分类号： A61B3/11 ,  A61B3/12

CPC分类号： A61B3/11 ,  A61B3/111 ,  A61B3/1225

摘要： Eye alignment is determined by producing a combined iris/retinal image by use of an imaging system. The relative position of the centroid of the pupil and various structures on the retina is indicative of the eye alignment. The eye alignment may be determined by comparing a combined iris/retinal image at the present time with a stored iris/retinal image at a past time. The imaging system may be a laser scanning ophthalmoscope.

摘要翻译： 通过使用成像系统产生组合的虹膜/视网膜图像来确定眼睛对准。 瞳孔和各种结构的质心在视网膜上的相对位置表示眼睛对准。 可以通过将当前时间的组合的虹膜/视网膜图像与过去时间的存储的虹膜/视网膜图像进行比较来确定眼睛对准。 成像系统可以是激光扫描检眼镜。

公开(公告)号：US6118580A

公开(公告)日：2000-09-12

申请号：US395589

申请日：1999-09-14

申请人： Robert H. Webb

发明人： Robert H. Webb

IPC分类号： G01B9/02 ,  G01B9/04 ,  G02B21/00 ,  G02B21/06

CPC分类号： G02B21/0072 ,  G01B9/04 ,  G02B21/0048 ,  G02B21/006

摘要： A confocal scanning microscope has an illuminating aperture and a detecting aperture whose optical axes intersect at an angle. Multiplication of a predominantly transverse section of the point spread function of one aperture with the predominantly axial section of the point spread function of the other aperture results in improved axial resolution to the extent that the transverse section is narrower than the axial section.

摘要翻译： 共焦扫描显微镜具有照射孔和光轴以一角度相交的检测孔。 一个孔的点扩散函数的主要横向截面与另一个孔的点扩展函数的主要轴向部分的乘积导致改善的轴向分辨率至横向部分比轴向部分更窄的程度。

公开(公告)号：US6000800A

公开(公告)日：1999-12-14

申请号：US102699

申请日：1998-06-22

申请人： Robert H. Webb ,  Stephen A. Burns ,  Carl Murray Penney

发明人： Robert H. Webb ,  Stephen A. Burns ,  Carl Murray Penney

IPC分类号： A61B3/103 ,  A61B3/10

CPC分类号： A61B3/1015

摘要： A refractometer provides a reference path coaxial with a measurement path and thereby simplifies construction by reducing the number of parts and simplifies maintenance by halving the number of optical axes to be aligned. The refractometer includes a reference projector for projecting a reference pattern on a reference pattern position on a detector during a reference interval, a site-selector for selecting a measurement site on an optical system, and a measurement projector for projecting a measurement pattern through this selected measurement site and onto a measurement pattern position on the detector during a measurement interval. The reference projector, the site selector, and the measurement projector are all aligned along the same optical axis. In the case in which the optical system is a human eye, the designated site in typically a site on the cornea and the detector is the retina of the eye. The refractometer provides an aligner for alignining the reference pattern position with a measurement pattern position. The amount by which these two positions are moved in order to achive alignment provides a measure of the optimal wavefront corresponding to the measurement site.

摘要翻译： 折射计提供与测量路径同轴的参考路径，从而通过减少部件的数量来简化结构，并通过将对准的光轴的数量减半来简化维护。 折射计包括参考投影仪，用于在参考间隔期间将基准图案投影在检测器上的参考图案位置上，用于在光学系统上选择测量位置的位置选择器，以及用于通过所选择的投影测量图案投影测量图案的测量投影仪 测量位置和测量间隔内的检测器上的测量图案位置。 参考投影机，现场选择器和测量投影机都沿着相同的光轴对齐。 在光学系统是人眼的情况下，通常在角膜和检测器上的位置的指定部位是眼睛的视网膜。 折射计提供对准器，用于将参考图案位置与测量图案位置对齐。 为了进行对准，这两个位置移动的量提供了对应于测量位置的最佳波阵面的量度。

公开(公告)号：US5633695A

公开(公告)日：1997-05-27

申请号：US515067

申请日：1995-08-14

申请人： Gilbert T. Feke ,  Francois Delori ,  Robert H. Webb

发明人： Gilbert T. Feke ,  Francois Delori ,  Robert H. Webb

IPC分类号： A61B3/12 ,  A61B3/10 ,  A61B3/00

CPC分类号： A61B3/1025

摘要： A beam steering optical system having a system pupil includes an irradiating optical system producing an irradiating light beam for irradiating an object. The system also includes a two-sided rotatable mirror positioned to cover only a first portion of the system pupil and to receive and reflect with a first surface the irradiating light beam. An objective lens receives the irradiating light beam reflected from the mirror and focuses the irradiating light beam on the object. These elements together define an irradiation path for the irradiating light beam. When reflected by the object, the irradiating light beam is denoted as a detecting light beam. The objective lens receives the detecting light beam reflected by the object and directs it to a second portion of the system pupil not covered by mirror. A beam redirector receives the detecting light beam after passing through the second portion of the system pupil, and redirects it to a second surface of the mirror, which reflects the detecting light beam to a position-sensing photodetector. The mirror steers both beams through the same angle when rotating. The objective lens, the mirror, the beam redirector, and the photodetector together define an observation path for the detecting beam. The irradiation path and the observation path are spaced from each other to prevent cross-talk therebetween.

摘要翻译： 具有系统光瞳的光束转向光学系统包括产生用于照射物体的照射光束的照射光学系统。 该系统还包括双面可旋转镜，其被定位成仅覆盖系统光瞳的第一部分并且与第一表面接收并反射照射光束。 物镜接收从反射镜反射的照射光束，并将照射光束聚焦在物体上。 这些元件一起限定了照射光束的照射路径。 当被物体反射时，照射光束被表示为检测光束。 物镜接收由物体反射的检测光束并将其引导到未被镜子覆盖的系统光瞳的第二部分。 光束重定向器在通过系统光瞳的第二部分之后接收检测光束，并将其重定向到反射镜的第二表面，其将检测光束反射到位置感测光电检测器。 当旋转时，镜子将两束光束转向相同的角度。 物镜，镜子，光束重定向器和光电检测器一起为检测光束确定了观察路径。 照射路径和观察路径彼此间隔开以防止它们之间的串扰。

公开(公告)号：US4768874A

公开(公告)日：1988-09-06

申请号：US95307

申请日：1987-09-10

申请人： Robert H. Webb ,  Douglas P. Wornson

发明人： Robert H. Webb ,  Douglas P. Wornson

IPC分类号： G02B13/08 ,  A61B3/10 ,  A61B3/12 ,  G02B26/10 ,  A61B3/14

CPC分类号： A61B3/1025

摘要： An optical apparatus for providing a two-dimensional output representation of reflection characteristics of an eye fundus in which a laser beam is passed through an anamorphic optical element to produce an output beam focused on a first axis and dispersed on a second axis normal to the first axis forming a line. The line of the output beam is directed onto a scanning element which moves the beam along the first axis and a focusing element directing the output beam from the scanning element through the pupil of the eye onto the fundus, the size of the beam being such that it has a small cross sectional area at the pupillary plane of the eye compared to the diameter of the pupil. The light from the fundus is reflected back through an exit aperture which is large compared to the cross sectional dimension of the input beam at the pupillary plane. The device includes a detector which extends along the non-scanning coordinate of the scanned area. A beam separating means separates the input laser beam from the reflected output beam which is directed toward the detector positioned at a retinal conjugate of the eye. Signal processing means processes the signals received at the detector to provide the two-dimensional output representation.

公开(公告)号：US07292390B2

公开(公告)日：2007-11-06

申请号：US10830905

申请日：2004-04-22

申请人： Charles P. Lin ,  Robert H. Webb

发明人： Charles P. Lin ,  Robert H. Webb

IPC分类号： G02B21/06

CPC分类号： G02B21/0032 ,  G02B21/0024 ,  G02B21/0028

摘要： A confocal microscope system that is inherently fiberoptic compatible is described which has line scanning aided image formation. An incoherent fiberoptic bundle maps a line illumination pattern into a dispersible group of separate sources, and then remaps this confocally selected remitted light to the original line. Fibers, not confocal with the illumination, carry light to be rejected from the image back on itself upon double passing, while separate fibers carry light from non-confocal sample planes. The transformation allows efficient rejection of unwanted photons at a slit aperture. The fiber bundle and an objective lens provide a flexible probe for imaging internal tissue for pathological examination on a cellular level.

摘要翻译： 描述了固有地光纤相容的共焦显微镜系统，其具有线扫描辅助图像形成。 不相干的光纤束将线照明图案映射成可分散的一组源，然后将该共同选择的汇入光重新映射到原始行。 不共焦照明的光纤在双重通过时将光从图像中反射回来，而分离的光纤携带非共焦样品平面的光。 该转换允许在狭缝孔径处有效地排除不需要的光子。 纤维束和物镜提供用于成像内部组织以在细胞水平进行病理检查的柔性探针。

公开(公告)号：US6121603A

公开(公告)日：2000-09-19

申请号：US982103

申请日：1997-12-01

申请人： Zhijiang Hang ,  Victor Lazarev ,  Robert H. Webb

发明人： Zhijiang Hang ,  Victor Lazarev ,  Robert H. Webb

IPC分类号： G02B21/00 ,  H01J3/14

CPC分类号： G02B21/004 ,  G02B21/0032 ,  G02B21/0056 ,  G02B21/0072 ,  G02B21/0076

摘要： A confocal scanning imaging device for viewing an object, includes illumination means including an array of independently addressable microlasers, detection means including an array of detectors for detecting light from an object to which light from the illumination means has been directed. The array of microlasers and the array of detectors are combined into a single array, such as on a single chip, and in a pattern constructed and arranged so that different detectors are adjacent each microlaser so that light from an illuminated object may be directed back to the vicinity of the illuminating microlaser and be detected by the adjacent detector(s). There is optical means for directing light generated by the microlasers onto an object and for directing light from an object so illuminated onto detectors adjacent the illuminating microlaser. The optical means includes a bilens and a matching lens system including two objective lenses. The system is constructed so that the relationships are as follows:.DELTA.=.delta..sub.1 f.sub.1 /f.sub.2.delta..sub.2 =.delta..sub.1 f.sub.3 /f.sub.1where .DELTA. is the distance between the optical centers of the bilens, .delta.2 is the distance between sequentially illuminated points on the object, .delta.1 is the distance between neighboring elements in the array, the focal length of the bilens is f.sub.2 and the focal length of the objective lens nearest the array is f.sub.1 and the focal length of the objective lens furthest from the array is f.sub.3.

摘要翻译： 一种用于观看物体的共焦扫描成像装置，包括包括可独立寻址的微动态阵列的照明装置，检测装置包括用于检测来自照明装置的光的物体的光的检测器阵列。 微阵列阵列和检测器阵列被组合成单个阵列，例如在单个芯片上，并且以构造和布置的图案组合，使得不同的检测器与每个微激光器相邻，使得来自被照射物体的光可以被引导回 照明微型激光器的附近，并由相邻的检测器检测。 存在用于将由微照射器产生的光引导到物体上并用于引导来自被照射到与照明微激光器相邻的检测器上的物体的光的光学装置。 光学装置包括双相和包括两个物镜的匹配透镜系统。 系统被构造为使得关系如下：DELTA = delta 1f1 / f2 delta 2 = delta 1f3 / f1其中DELTA是双相变光学中心之间的距离，delta 2是物体上的顺序照射点之间的距离 ，Δ1是阵列中相邻元件之间的距离，双相的焦距为f2，最靠近阵列的物镜的焦距为f1，距离阵列最远的物镜的焦距为f3。

公开(公告)号：US5995283A

公开(公告)日：1999-11-30

申请号：US190689

申请日：1998-11-12

申请人： R. Rox Anderson ,  Robert H. Webb ,  Milind Rajadhyaksha

发明人： R. Rox Anderson ,  Robert H. Webb ,  Milind Rajadhyaksha

IPC分类号： G02B26/10 ,  G02B21/00 ,  G02B27/22 ,  G02B21/06 ,  G02B26/08

CPC分类号： G02B21/0084 ,  G02B21/0036 ,  G02B21/0048

摘要： A confocal microscope for generating an image of a sample includes a first scanning element for scanning a light beam along a first axis, and a second scanning element for scanning the light beam at a predetermined amplitude along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis. A third scanning element scans the light beam at a predetermined amplitude along a third axis perpendicular to an imaging plane defined by the first and second axes. The second and third scanning element are synchronized to scan at the same frequency. The second and third predetermined amplitudes are percentages of their maximum amplitudes. A selector determines the second and third predetermined amplitudes such that the sum of the percentages is equal to one-hundred percent.

摘要翻译： 用于产生样本图像的共焦显微镜包括用于沿着第一轴扫描光束的第一扫描元件和用于沿垂直于第一轴线的第二轴以预定幅度扫描光束的第二扫描元件。 第三扫描元件沿着垂直于由第一和第二轴限定的成像平面的第三轴以预定幅度扫描光束。 第二和第三扫描元件被同步以相同的频率进行扫描。 第二和第三预定幅度是其最大振幅的百分比。 选择器确定第二和第三预定幅度，使得百分比之和等于百分之一百。

公开(公告)号：US5028802A

公开(公告)日：1991-07-02

申请号：US464352

申请日：1990-01-11

申请人： Robert H. Webb ,  Francois C. Delori ,  George T. Timberlake

发明人： Robert H. Webb ,  Francois C. Delori ,  George T. Timberlake

IPC分类号： A61B3/10 ,  A61B3/12 ,  G02B21/00 ,  H01S5/42

CPC分类号： H01S5/423 ,  A61B3/1025

摘要： Apparatus and methods for generating an image of an object utilize a scannable microlaser array to provide a flying spot light source. The microlaser array is scan-energized and imaged onto the object to illuminate the object. Light scattered, reflected, or transmitted from the object is collected and detected, and can be converted to a video-level signal for display on a monitor. The microlaser array can be raster-scanned, scanned in a random access mode, or have at least two laser elements energized simultaneously, to enhance contrast, provide multiplexing, and increase dynamic range. A confocal configuration utilizes a detector array that is scan-read synchronously with the laser excitation pattern.

摘要翻译： 用于产生物体的图像的装置和方法利用可扫描微型激光器阵列来提供飞点光源。 微型激光器阵列被扫描激励并成像到对象上以照亮对象。 收集并检测从对象散射，反射或发射的光，并将其转换为视频级信号，以在监视器上显示。 微型激光器阵列可以被光栅扫描，以随机存取模式扫描，或者至少有两个激光元件同时通电，以增强对比度，提供多路复用和增加动态范围。 共焦配置利用与激光激发图案同步扫描读取的检测器阵列。