公开(公告)号：US4292181A

公开(公告)日：1981-09-29

申请号：US161602

申请日：1980-06-20

申请人： Norman N. Li ,  Robert P. Cahn ,  Adam L. Shrier

发明人： Norman N. Li ,  Robert P. Cahn ,  Adam L. Shrier

IPC分类号： B01D61/40 ,  B01D13/00 ,  C02F1/28

CPC分类号： B01D61/40 ,  Y10S210/912 ,  Y10S210/913 ,  Y10S210/914

摘要： In a liquid membrane process for removing ions from solution which comprises contacting a feed solution containing a first ion with an emulsion, said emulsion comprising an external phase which is immiscible with said solution and contains a complexing agent, said complexing agent being capable of forming a first complex with said first ion, which is soluble in said external phase, and an internal phase, the improvement which comprises providing a second ion, in the internal phase, of the emulsion, said second ion being capable of converting said first complex to a second complex by replacing said first ion in said first complex, said second complex being also soluble in said external phase, whereby the first ion diffuses from said solution into said internal phase, and said second ion diffuses from said internal phase into said solution. More particularly, the instant invention comprises maintaining the concentration of the second ion, in the feed solution, at a sufficiently low level to allow formation of the first complex at the interface of the external phase of the emulsion and the solution, and maintaining the concentration of the second ion, in the internal phase of the emulsion at a concentration, sufficiently high, to convert said first complex into a second complex. Preferably, the first ion is a metal ion--for example, copper, or a complex ion, such as H.sub.g Cl.sub.4 =comprising a metal constituent and said second ion is either hydrogen or hydroxyl ion.

摘要翻译： 在用于从溶液中除去离子的液膜过程中，其包括将含有第一离子的进料溶液与乳液接触，所述乳液包含与所述溶液不混溶并含有络合剂的外相，所述络合剂能够形成 具有可溶于所述外相的所述第一离子的第一配合物和内相，所述改进包括在乳液的内相中提供第二离子，所述第二离子能够将所述第一配合物转化为 通过将所述第一配合物中的所述第一离子替代，所述第二配合物也可溶于所述外相，由此所述第一离子从所述溶液扩散到所述内相中，所述第二离子从所述内相扩散到所述溶液中。 更具体地，本发明包括将进料溶液中的第二离子的浓度保持在足够低的水平，以允许在乳液的外相和溶液的界面处形成第一配合物，并保持浓度 的第二离子在浓度为足够高的乳液的内相中将所述第一配合物转化为第二配合物。 优选地，第一离子是金属离子，例如铜，或复合离子，例如HgCl 4 =包含金属成分，所述第二离子是氢或羟基离子。

公开(公告)号：US4110987A

公开(公告)日：1978-09-05

申请号：US773705

申请日：1977-03-02

申请人： Robert P. Cahn ,  Edward W. Nicholson

发明人： Robert P. Cahn ,  Edward W. Nicholson

IPC分类号： F01K3/00 ,  F01K3/18

CPC分类号： F01K3/00 ,  F01K3/185

摘要： An improved process for storing the off-peak electrical output of an electricity generating plant in the form of heat by using said off-peak electrical output to raise the temperature level of a quantity of stored low vapor pressure thermal energy retention material and recalling said stored heat during periods of peak power demand in the form of electrical power, or industrial process heat wherein the excess electrical power, running a compressor (i.e. heat pump), compresses low grade heat containing vapor thereby raising the temperature and said compressed high heat is transferred to a LVP thermal energy retention material, the improvement comprising using as a source of low grade heat the waste heat generated by industrial and/or municipal installation such as refineries, steel mills, incinerators, etc. The process utilizes hot low vapor pressure (LVP) thermal energy retention material and appropriate storage means and cold LVP thermal energy retention material and appropriate storage means, low level, low grade waste heat either alone or in combination with stored hot water, most preferably alone, heat exchanger means, heat pumping means, turbine means, electric motor means and generator means and/or industrial process heat utilization means.

公开(公告)号：US4102741A

公开(公告)日：1978-07-25

申请号：US745007

申请日：1976-11-26

申请人： Robert P. Cahn ,  Edward W. Nicholson

发明人： Robert P. Cahn ,  Edward W. Nicholson

IPC分类号： F01K3/06 ,  G21C15/28

CPC分类号： F01K3/06

摘要： The excess power from a power station, whether nuclear, fossil fuel, geothermal, solar, etc. is stored in the form of heat in a low vapor pressure thermal energy retention material which is selected from the group consisting of petroleum hydrocarbon distillates having a boiling range of between 500.degree. to 1300.degree. F with a vapor pressure in the temperature range of 500.degree.-650.degree. F not exceeding 1 atm. Low vapor pressure thermal energy retention materials may be heated in any number of ways, for example, directly by turbine extraction steam and primary high pressure steam, or by means of excess volumes of boiler feed water heated by turbine extraction steam and primary high pressure steam, or by direct solar energy or by means of the excess electricity generated by any form of power station.The hot LVP thermal energy retention materials are stored in hot storage location means and used during peak demand periods to supply extra power when needed either by the transfer of heat to boiler feed water, the generation of intermediate pressure steam (to run turbines) thereby effecting the conversion of stored thermal energy into additional power. After use they are kept in cold storage location means.

摘要翻译： 来自发电站的过剩功率，无论是核，化石燃料，地热，太阳能等都以低蒸气压热能保留材料的形式存储，该低蒸气压热能保持材料选自具有沸腾的石油烃馏分 范围在500〜1300°F之间，蒸汽压在500〜-650°F的温度范围内不超过1个大气压。 低蒸气压热能保持材料可以以任何数量的方式被加热，例如直接由涡轮机提取蒸汽和初级高压蒸汽加热，或者借助涡轮机提取蒸汽和初级高压蒸汽加热的过量的锅炉给水 ，或通过直接太阳能或通过任何形式的发电站产生的过量电力。

公开(公告)号：US4081369A

公开(公告)日：1978-03-28

申请号：US668128

申请日：1976-03-18

申请人： Norman N. Edison Li ,  Robert P. Cahn ,  Adam L. Shrier

发明人： Norman N. Edison Li ,  Robert P. Cahn ,  Adam L. Shrier

IPC分类号： B01D61/40 ,  C10G21/00 ,  B01D13/00 ,  C02B1/46

CPC分类号： C10G21/00 ,  B01D61/40 ,  Y10S210/915

摘要： The instant invention relates to an improvement in the liquid membrane process for removing soluble materials from solution. More specifically, in a process wherein soluble materials are removed from solution by contacting said solution with an emulsion, the external phase of which is immiscible with said solution and permeable to said soluble materials and the internal phase contains a reactant which reacts with said soluble material and converts said soluble material to a material which is insoluble and thus trapped in the internal phase, the improvement which comprises maintaining the concentration of said reactant in the internal phase of the emulsion at a level at which the concentration of said soluble material in the internal phase of the emulsion is less than the concentration to which it is desirable to lower said soluble material in said solution. Preferably the solution is aqueous and said soluble material is a salt. In a preferred embodiment of the instant invention the concentration of fluoride ion in an aqueous solution is lowered to less than 6 ppm by contacting said solution with an emulsion containing a soluble calcium salt in the internal phase. The concentration of calcium in said internal phase is maintained at a level sufficient to provide a concentration of less than 6 ppm soluble fluoride ion in said internal phase.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于从溶液中除去可溶性材料的液膜方法的改进。 更具体地说，在通过使所述溶液与乳液接触而从溶液中除去可溶性物质的方法中，其外相与所述溶液不混溶并且对所述可溶物质是可渗透的，内相含有与所述可溶物质反应的反应物 并将所述可溶性材料转化为不溶性且因此被捕获在内相中的材料，其改进包括将乳液内相中的所述反应物的浓度保持在内部的所述可溶物质的浓度的水平 乳液的相位小于期望降低所述溶液中的所述可溶物质的浓度。 优选地，溶液是水溶液，并且所述可溶性材料是盐。 在本发明的优选实施方案中，通过使所述溶液与在内相中含有可溶性钙盐的乳液接触将水溶液中氟离子的浓度降低至小于6ppm。 所述内相中钙的浓度保持在足以在所述内相中提供小于6ppm可溶性氟离子浓度的水平。

公开(公告)号：US4029744A

公开(公告)日：1977-06-14

申请号：US567623

申请日：1975-04-14

申请人： Norman N. Li ,  Robert P. Cahn

发明人： Norman N. Li ,  Robert P. Cahn

IPC分类号： B01D3/34 ,  B01D61/40 ,  C01B17/16 ,  C01B32/50 ,  C01C1/10 ,  C02F1/26 ,  C02F1/28 ,  C01C1/02

CPC分类号： B01D3/346 ,  B01D3/343 ,  B01D61/40 ,  C01B17/167 ,  C01B31/20 ,  C01C1/10 ,  C02F1/26 ,  C02F1/283

摘要： The salt of a weak acid and a weak base is removed from a solution by contacting said solution with an emulsion. Said emulsion comprises an exterior phase which is characterized as immiscible with said solution and permeable to the weak acid and/or weak base in their un-ionized forms. One of the species which can permeate through said exterior phase reacts with a reactant present in the interior phase of the emulsion which converts said permeating species to a non-permeable form, i.e., by neutralization, thus providing a continuing driving force for the permeation of said permeating species. The other nonreacting or nonpermeating species is stripped from solution by passing an inert gas through said solution. Stripping and neutralization in the interior phase of the emulsion are carried out simultaneously. By selection of the reactant present in the interior phase of the emulsion, the process of the instant invention may be designed to remove either the weak acid or the weak base in the interior phase of the emulsion. In a preferred embodiment, ammonium sulfide, dissolved in an aqueous solution, is removed from said aqueous solution by permeating ammonia through the exterior phase of an emulsion and neutralizing said ammonia in the interior phase wth an acidic reactant. Simultaneously, hydrogen sulfide is removed by steam stripping or air blowing of the aqueous solution.

摘要翻译： 通过使所述溶液与乳液接触，从溶液中除去弱酸和弱碱的盐。 所述乳液包括外相，其特征在于与所述溶液不混溶并且以非离子形式可渗透弱酸和/或弱碱。 可以渗透通过所述外部相的物质之一与存在于乳液的内相中的反应物反应，其将所述渗透物质转化为不可渗透的形式，即通过中和，从而提供持续的驱动力， 说渗透物种。 通过使惰性气体通过所述溶液，从溶液中除去其它非反应性或非渗透性物质。 在乳液的内相中的剥离和中和同时进行。 通过选择存在于乳液的内相中的反应物，本发明的方法可以设计成除去乳液的内相中的弱酸或弱碱。 在一个优选的实施方案中，溶解在水溶液中的硫化铵通过渗透氨通过乳液的外相从所述水溶液中除去，并在酸性反应物的内相中中和所述氨。 同时，通过汽提或空气吹制水溶液除去硫化氢。

公开(公告)号：US5019658A

公开(公告)日：1991-05-28

申请号：US424948

申请日：1989-10-23

申请人： Robert P. Cahn

发明人： Robert P. Cahn

IPC分类号： C07C29/78 ,  C07C35/12

CPC分类号： C07C35/12 ,  C07C29/78 ,  C07B2200/07 ,  C07C2101/14

摘要： The instant invention is an improvement in the method of producing optically pure sterioisomers from a racemic mixture. The method is based on the well-known fact that a supersaturated solution or melt of the racemic mixture can be seeded with just the crystals of the desired stereoisomer, which will then crystallize out selectively, leaving the undesired stereoisomer behind in the liquid mother liquor. The desired isomer, in crystaline form, can then be separated by simple liquid/solid separation from the undesired isomer remaining behind in the mother liquor. In the conventional method, supersaturation is achieved by careful cooling of a saturated solution or melt. In the present invention, supersaturation is achieved by increasing the ambient pressure over the saturated solution or melt of the racemic mixture, and relying on the fact that the melting temperature of a substance increases with increasing pressure, provided there is an increase in molar volume when the substance melts.

摘要翻译： 本发明是从外消旋混合物制备光学纯的异味异构体的方法的改进。 该方法基于众所周知的事实，即外消旋混合物的过饱和溶液或熔融物可以仅用所需立体异构体的晶体接种，然后将其选择性地结晶出来，在液体母液中留下不需要的立体异构体。 然后可以通过简单的液体/固体分离与母液中留下的不期望的异构体分离出所需的异构体，以晶体形式存在。 在常规方法中，通过小心冷却饱和溶液或熔体来实现过饱和。 在本发明中，通过增加外消旋混合物的饱和溶液或熔体的环境压力来实现过饱和，并且依赖于物质的熔融温度随着压力的增加而增加的事实，只要当摩尔体积增加时， 物质熔化。

公开(公告)号：US4839056A

公开(公告)日：1989-06-13

申请号：US201632

申请日：1988-06-02

申请人： Robert P. Cahn

发明人： Robert P. Cahn

IPC分类号： B01D61/40 ,  B01D61/44

CPC分类号： B01D61/445 ,  B01D61/40 ,  Y10S210/909

摘要： A process for removing and recovering a dissolved substance, either acid or a base, from an aqueous feedstream. The feedstream is contacted with an aqueous dispersed phase containing liquid membrane emulsion which removes the dissolved substance to the degree desired from the feedstream and absorbs it into the liquid membrane emulsion. The aqueous dispersed phase of the emulsion comprises a reagent which reacts with the dissolved substance by neutralization, allowing the dissolved substance to accumulate to a significant concentration in the emulsion before the spent emulsion is separated from the treated feed and coalesced into a membrane and a spent aqueous internal reagent phases. The spent aqueous internal reagent phase is subjected to electrolysis in a bipolar membrane cell which regenerates the dispersed reagent loaded internal aqueous phase in a composition suitable for recycle to emulsification and further feedstream treatment. The bipolar cell also generates an aqueous stream rich in dissolved substance from which the extracted dissolved substance can easily be recovered in pure form by conventional separation means.

公开(公告)号：US4662433A

公开(公告)日：1987-05-05

申请号：US645239

申请日：1984-08-29

申请人： Robert P. Cahn ,  Norman N. Li

发明人： Robert P. Cahn ,  Norman N. Li

IPC分类号： A41D13/005 ,  A47C21/04 ,  A47G9/02 ,  F25D17/02 ,  F28F7/00

CPC分类号： A47C21/048 ,  A41D13/005 ,  A47C21/044 ,  A47G9/0215 ,  F25D17/02 ,  Y10S165/05

摘要： The instant invention is a major energy saver in the form of a blanket which allows personal heat control, particularly cooling. More specifically, the blanket is provided with internal ducts through which a stable foam is circulated as a cooling fluid in such a way that the inside of the blanket facing the person being cooled is maintained at a temperature slightly below body temperature, while the outside of the blanket is insulated to minimize heat exchange with the environment. Compared to the use of a liquid as the circulating cooling fluid, foam is very light and thus minimizes the weight of the blanket, but it has better heat transfer properties and heat capacity than a gas. Cooling of the recirculating cooling fluid is done separate from the blanket in a refrigeration unit connected to the blanket by a feed and return duct. The refrigeration unit can operate by means of a heat pump, or use a stored refrigerant such as ice, or employ a continuous coolant, such as tap water. The integrity of the circulating foam is maintained by passing a certain fraction of the circulating fluid through a foam regeneration unit which both reconstitutes foam which has started to collapse and agglomerate, and regenerates foam which has completely broken when the unit is out of service for extended periods.

摘要翻译： 本发明是以毯子的形式的主要节能器，其允许个人热控制，特别是冷却。 更具体地说，毯子设置有内部管道，稳定的泡沫通过该内部管道作为冷却流体循环，使得面向被冷却的人的毯子的内部保持在稍低于体温的温度，而外部的 毯子绝缘，以尽量减少与环境的热交换。 与使用液体作为循环冷却流体相比，泡沫非常轻，从而使毯子的重量最小化，但是它具有比气体更好的传热性能和热容量。 循环冷却流体的冷却与通过进料和回流管连接到橡皮布的制冷单元中的橡皮布分离。 制冷单元可以通过热泵操作，或者使用诸如冰的储存的制冷剂，或者使用诸如自来水的连续冷却剂。 循环泡沫的完整性通过使一定比例的循环流体通过泡沫再生单元来维持，泡沫再生单元重新构成已经开始塌陷和聚集的泡沫，并且当单元停止使用时再生泡沫，其已经完全破裂 时期。

公开(公告)号：US4346063A

公开(公告)日：1982-08-24

申请号：US243720

申请日：1981-03-16

申请人： Robert P. Cahn ,  John M. Longo

发明人： Robert P. Cahn ,  John M. Longo

IPC分类号： B01D53/52 ,  B01D53/34

CPC分类号： B01D53/523

摘要： A gas containing oxygen, H.sub.2 S and sulfur oxides is desulfurized by contacting same with cerium oxide at a temperature of from about 350.degree.-600.degree. C. This invention is particularly useful for desulfurizing tail gas from a Claus plant. In a preferred embodiment the cerium oxide is supported on alumina and oxygen is present in the gas in an amount more than that stoichiometrically required to convert the H.sub.2 S and SO.sub.2 to cerium oxysulfate.

摘要翻译： 含有氧气，硫化氢和硫氧化物的气体通过在约350℃-600℃的温度下与氧化铈接触来脱硫。本发明特别适用于从克劳斯工厂脱硫尾气。 在一个优选的实施方案中，氧化铈负载在氧化铝上，氧气存在于将H 2 S和SO 2转化成硫酸氧铈的化学计量所需的量以上。

公开(公告)号：US4164556A

公开(公告)日：1979-08-14

申请号：US523705

申请日：1974-11-14

申请人： Frederic Leder ,  Robert P. Cahn

发明人： Frederic Leder ,  Robert P. Cahn

IPC分类号： B01D53/50 ,  B01D53/74 ,  C01B17/04

CPC分类号： C01B17/0473

摘要： A method for producing sulfur from sulfur dioxide. In the broadest embodiment, sulfur is produced by reducing the sulfur dioxide with a reducing gas comprising one or more lower, monohydric alcohols. The reduction may be accomplished either thermally or catalytically and the principal products obtained will be elemental sulfur and/or hydrogen sulfide, depending principally upon the particular conditions and relative reactive concentrations actually employed and in some cases, at least, some carbon oxysulfide will be produced. In the broadest embodiment, the reduction, and hence, the sulfur production will be accomplished in a single stage. In the more preferred embodiments, however, the production will be accomplished in a plurality of stages and, in a most preferred embodiment, the sulfur dioxide is first contacted with methanol under conditions such that the molar ratio of the hydrogen sulfide and carbon oxysulfide actually produced to the unconverted sulfur dioxide is within the range from about 1.8:1 to about 2.2:1. The H.sub.2 S, COS and SO.sub.2 will then be further reacted in one or more catalytic converters so as to increase the sulfur yield. Conventional Claus plant equipment can be used to effect this further conversion.

摘要翻译： 从二氧化硫生产硫的方法。 在最广泛的实施方案中，通过用包含一种或多种低级一元醇的还原气体还原二氧化硫来生产硫。 所述还原可以热或催化地完成，并且主要获得的主要产物将是元素硫和/或硫化氢，主要取决于实际使用的具体条件和相对反应浓度，并且在一些情况下至少会产生一些硫代二硫化碳 。 在最广泛的实施方案中，减少，因此硫的产生将在单一阶段中完成。 然而，在更优选的实施方案中，生产将以多个阶段完成，并且在最优选的实施方案中，首先使二氧化硫与甲醇接触，使得硫化氢和氧硫化碳的摩尔比实际上产生 未转化的二氧化硫在约1.8:1至约2.2:1的范围内。 然后，H2S，COS和SO2将在一个或多个催化转化器中进一步反应，以提高硫产率。 常规的克劳斯设备设备可用于进一步转化。