Abstract:
A sensor for monitoring a hydrate inhibitor dissolved in a liquid. The sensor includes an internal reflection window for contacting with the liquid. The sensor further includes a mid-infrared light source for directs a beam of mid-infrared radiation into the window to provide for attenuated internal reflection at an interface between the window and the liquid. The internally reflected mid-infrared beam is passed through a narrow bandpass filter which preferentially transmits mid-infrared radiation over a band of wavelengths corresponding to an absorbance peak of the dissolved hydrate inhibitor to filter internally reflected mid-infrared radiation received from the window. The intensity of the reflected mid-infrared beam transmitted through the filter is measured and used to determine an amount of hydrate inhibitor ion the liquid.
Abstract:
Methods and devices for measuring fluid properties include an electromagnetic sensor. The electromagnetic sensor includes a coaxial probe body having a first integral pressure barrier and a second integral pressure barrier formed from coaxial-feedthrough connector. The first integral pressure barrier and the second integral pressure barrier have a desired characteristic impedance.
Abstract:
A sensor for monitoring CO2 in a fluid regardless of the phase properties of the fluid, i.e., regardless of whether the fluid contacting the window is a liquid water-based phase, a liquid oil-based phase, a mixture of liquid water and liquid oil-based phases, or a gas phase. The sensor includes an internal reflection window for contacting with the fluid. A mid-infrared light source directs a beam of mid-infrared radiation into the window and the beam is internal reflected at an interface between the window and the fluid. The reflected beam is passed through three narrow bandpass filters which preferentially transmit mid-infrared radiation over bands of wavelengths corresponding to absorbance peaks of water, oil and CO2. The amount of CO2 is determined from the intensities of the mid-infrared radiation passing through the three filters.
Abstract:
A sensor for monitoring a species which is a component of a fluid. The sensor includes an internal reflection window which, in use, is in direct contact with the fluid. The sensor further includes a mid-infrared light source which directs a beam of mid-infrared radiation into said window for attenuated internal reflection at an interface between the window and the fluid. The sensor further includes a first narrow bandpass filter which preferentially transmits mid-infrared radiation over a band of wavelengths corresponding to an absorbance peak of the species. The sensor further includes an infrared detector which detects filtered mid-infrared radiation transmitted through the first filter and a processor for measuring the intensity of the detected mid-infrared radiation transmitted through the first filter, and determines therefrom an amount of the species in the fluid.
Abstract:
Methods and devices for measuring fluid properties include an electromagnetic sensor. The electromagnetic sensor includes a coaxial probe body having a first integral pressure barrier and a second integral pressure barrier formed from coaxial-feedthrough connector. The first integral pressure barrier and the second integral pressure barrier have a desired characteristic impedance.
Abstract:
A sensor for monitoring CO2 in a fluid regardless of the phase properties of the fluid, i.e., regardless of whether the fluid contacting the window is a liquid water-based phase, a liquid oil-based phase, a mixture of liquid water and liquid oil-based phases, or a gas phase. The sensor includes an internal reflection window for contacting with the fluid. A mid-infrared light source directs a beam of mid-infrared radiation into the window and the beam is internal reflected at an interface between the window and the fluid. The reflected beam is passed through three narrow bandpass filters which preferentially transmit mid-infrared radiation over bands of wavelengths corresponding to absorbance peaks of water, oil and CO2. The amount of CO2 is determined from the intensities of the mid-infrared radiation passing through the three filters
Abstract:
A sensor for monitoring CO2 in a fluid regardless of the phase properties of the fluid, i.e., regardless of whether the fluid contacting the window is a liquid water-based phase, a liquid oil-based phase, a mixture of liquid water and liquid oil-based phases, or a gas phase. The sensor includes an internal reflection window for contacting with the fluid. A mid-infrared light source directs a beam of mid-infrared radiation into the window and the beam is internal reflected at an interface between the window and the fluid. The reflected beam is passed through three narrow bandpass filters which preferentially transmit mid-infrared radiation over bands of wavelengths corresponding to absorbance peaks of water, oil and CO2. The amount of CO2 is determined from the intensities of the mid-infrared radiation passing through the three filters.
Abstract:
A sensor for monitoring CO2 in a fluid regardless of the phase properties of the fluid, i.e., regardless of whether the fluid contacting the window is a liquid water-based phase, a liquid oil-based phase, a mixture of liquid water and liquid oil-based phases, or a gas phase. The sensor includes an internal reflection window for contacting with the fluid. A mid-infrared light source directs a beam of mid-infrared radiation into the window and the beam is internal reflected at an interface between the window and the fluid. The reflected beam is passed through three narrow bandpass filters which preferentially transmit mid-infrared radiation over bands of wavelengths corresponding to absorbance peaks of water, oil and CO2. The amount of CO2 is determined from the intensities of the mid-infrared radiation passing through the three filters
Abstract:
A gamma densitometer window is provided along with a method of fabrication thereof. The window comprises a plate of non-metallic, preferably gamma transparent, material having a first face and a second face opposing one another and having an outer edge defined therebetween. The window further comprises a metallic frame member fitted around the outer edge of the plate and adapted to pre-load the plate with a compressive stress that is sufficiently high such that the sum of the compressive stress, tensile stress and shear stress components generated in the plate under high-pressure conditions is always compressive. The method of fabrication shrink fitting the metallic frame member around the outer edge of the plate at a shrink-fit temperature such that the metallic frame member applies a compressive stress to the plate at any temperature below the shrink-fit temperature.
Abstract:
A gamma densitometer window is provided along with a method of fabrication thereof. The window comprises a plate of non-metallic, preferably gamma transparent, material having a first face and a second face opposing one another and having an outer edge defined therebetween. The window further comprises a metallic frame member fitted around the outer edge of the plate and adapted to pre-load the plate with a compressive stress that is sufficiently high such that the sum of the compressive stress, tensile stress and shear stress components generated in the plate under high-pressure conditions is always compressive. The method of fabrication shrink fitting the metallic frame member around the outer edge of the plate at a shrink-fit temperature such that the metallic frame member applies a compressive stress to the plate at any temperature below the shrink-fit temperature.