摘要:
Regioregular polythiophene polymers can be used in photovoltaic applications including copolymers and blends. The polymer can comprise heteroatoms in the side groups. Better efficiencies can be achieved.
摘要:
Compositions for use in HIL/HTL applications include intrinsically conductive polymer, planarizing agent, and dopant, which are soluble in non-aqueous solvents. Block copolymers of regioregular alkyl/alkoxy- and aryl-substituted polythiophenes can be used. The compositions can be formed into thin films. Excellent efficiency and lifetime stability can be achieved.
摘要:
Polythiophene copolymers having tunable work functions and oxidation voltage onset. The ratio of monomer can be varied to achieve the desired property for a particular application. One monomer can be unsubstituted thiophene. The copolymer microstructure can be random. Another monomer can be a 3-substituted thiophene such as 3-alkyl or a heteroatom substituted substituent. Heterojunction polymer photovoltaic cells can be fabricated with excellent voltage onset properties compared to devices having corresponding homopolymers.
摘要:
Organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices comprising an organic semiconductor doped with a metal or organic dopant to form an interfacial modification layer, where the layer is disposed on an active layer including a conjugated polymer and a fullerene are described. In the layer, the organic semiconductor can be BPhen or TPBI, and the dopant can be a metal or an organic material. In the active layer, the conjugated polymer can be P3HT and the fullerene can be PCBM or indenyl-substituted fullerene. Improved OPV efficiency and lifetime can be achieved. Good testing results are obtained despite high humidity and high temperature, and modules can be made.
摘要:
A double wire GMAW welding apparatus having a wire spacing adjustable torch assembly is disclosed. The double wire torch assembly has a wire spacing adjusting mechanism, by means of wire spacing adjustment the torch assembly can be used for a non-synchronized metal transfer weld process. The wires remain parallel before, during, after wire spacing adjustment.
摘要:
A double wire GMAW welding apparatus having a wire spacing adjustable torch assembly is disclosed. The double wire torch assembly has a wire spacing adjusting mechanism, by means of wire spacing adjustment the torch assembly can be used for a non-synchronized metal transfer weld process. The wires remain parallel before, during, after wire spacing adjustment.
摘要:
Regioregular polythiophene polymers can be used in photovoltaic applications including copolymers and blends. The polymer can comprise heteroatoms in the side groups. Better efficiencies can be achieved.