摘要:
Regioregular polythiophene polymers can be used in photovoltaic applications including copolymers and blends. The polymer can comprise heteroatoms in the side groups. Better efficiencies can be achieved.
摘要:
Compositions for use in HIL/HTL applications include intrinsically conductive polymer, planarizing agent, and dopant, which are soluble in non-aqueous solvents. Block copolymers of regioregular alkyl/alkoxy- and aryl-substituted polythiophenes can be used. The compositions can be formed into thin films. Excellent efficiency and lifetime stability can be achieved.
摘要:
Polythiophene copolymers having tunable work functions and oxidation voltage onset. The ratio of monomer can be varied to achieve the desired property for a particular application. One monomer can be unsubstituted thiophene. The copolymer microstructure can be random. Another monomer can be a 3-substituted thiophene such as 3-alkyl or a heteroatom substituted substituent. Heterojunction polymer photovoltaic cells can be fabricated with excellent voltage onset properties compared to devices having corresponding homopolymers.
摘要:
Regio-regular polythiophenes used in diodes which are not light emitting or photovoltaic. High quality, processable thin film polymer films can be made. The thin film can have a thickness of about 50 nm to about one micron, and the conductive thin film can be applied by spin casting, drop casting, screening, ink-jetting, transfer or roll coating. The polythiophenes can be homopolymers or copolymers. The regio-regular poly(3-substitutedthiophene) can be derivatized so that the 3-substituent is an alkyl, aryl, or alkyl/aryl moiety with a heteroatom substitution in either the α- or beta-position of the 3-substituent.
摘要:
Regioregular polythiophenes having heteroatoms in the substituents can be used in hole injection layer and hole transport layers for electroluminescent devices. Copolymers and organic oxidants can be used. Homopolymers can be used. Metallic impurities can be removed. The heteroatom can be oxygen and can be substituted at the 3-position. Advantages include versatility, synthetic control, and good thermal stability. Different device designs can be used.
摘要:
Latent doping is provided wherein a conducting polymer is mixed with a dopant in solution without the doping reaction occurring unless solvent is removed. Regioregular polythiophenes are a particularly important embodiment. A composition comprising (i) at least one polymer comprising conjugation in the polymer backbone, (ii) at least one dopant for the polymer, (iii) at least one solvent for the polymer and latent dopant, wherein the polymer, the latent dopant, and the solvent are formulated so that the latent dopant does not substantially dope the polymer when formulated, but does substantially react with the polymer when the solvent is removed. Formulation of the composition can comprise adjusting the order of mixing, the amounts of the components, and the temperature. Methods of formulating the compositions and methods of using the compositions are also provided. OLED, PLED, photovoltaic, and other organic electronic devices can be fabricated.
摘要:
An isolated mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) polypeptide, or functional portion thereof, having one or more mutations that alter the solubility or crystal-forming properties and confer the ability to generate soluble protein complexes with the MR and ligands that only weakly bind the native polypeptide, and a polynucleotide encoding it are disclosed. Representative mutations are C808S and S810L substitutions. Expression of the MR polypeptide in E. coli is also provided. A solved three-dimensional crystal structure of an MR ligand binding domain polypeptide is also disclosed, along with a crystalline form of the MR ligand binding domain polypeptide. Methods of modeling one or more molecular interactions of a native NR with a ligand having low affinity for the native NR utilizing a mutated MR, designing modulators of the biological activity of MR and other nuclear receptor, steroid receptor and glucocorticoid receptor polypeptides and nuclear receptor, steroid receptor and glucocorticoid receptor ligand binding domain polypeptides are also disclosed.
摘要:
An overhead trim system for a motor vehicle has a mounting bracket coupled to an overhead area of the motor vehicle and an integrally formed trim member. The integrally formed trim member is configured to extend along a selected length of a perimeter of the overhead area and defines a hinge. The integrally formed trim member is coupled to the mounting bracket to define a cavity configured for receipt of an airbag module. The hinge in a first position is capable of retaining the airbag module within the cavity and in a second position is capable of enabling the airbag module to expand.
摘要:
A solved three-dimensional crystal structure of an HNF4g ligand binding domain polypeptide is disclosed, along with a crystal form of the HNF4g ligand binding domain. Methods of designing modulators of the biological activity of HNF4g, and other HNF4 ligand binding domain polypeptides are also disclosed.