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公开(公告)号：US08325871B2
公开(公告)日：2012-12-04
申请号：US12239054
申请日：2008-09-26
申请人： Lee Grodzins , Peter Rothschild , William L. Adams
发明人： Lee Grodzins , Peter Rothschild , William L. Adams
IPC分类号： G01T1/00
CPC分类号： G01N23/04 , G01T3/06 , G01V5/0025 , G01V5/0091
摘要： Systems and methods for detecting clandestine fissile or radioactive material on the basis of emitted radiation and particles (such as neutrons and alpha particles) arising from within the material. Emission by the fissile or radioactive material is detected in conjunction with a conventional x-ray imaging system that includes an external source of illuminating penetrating radiation, at least one detector configured to detect at least the penetrating radiation and to generate a detector signal, and a processor configured as a detector signal discriminator to generate an output indicating whether the detector signal is triggered by an origin other than illuminating penetrating radiation. Active and passive modes of detection are described by some embodiments. Other embodiments are directed toward neutron detection, gamma ray detection with energy resolution, and designs of detectors to enhance the detection of clandestine nuclear material.
摘要翻译： 在发射的辐射和材料内产生的颗粒（如中子和α粒子）的基础上检测秘密裂变物或放射性物质的系统和方法。 与常规x射线成像系统一起检测易裂变材料或放射性物质的排放，该x射线成像系统包括外部照射穿透辐射源，至少一个检测器被配置为至少检测穿透辐射并产生检测器信号，以及 处理器被配置为检测器信号鉴别器以产生指示检测器信号是否由除了照射穿透辐射之外的原点触发的输出。 一些实施例描述了主动和被动的检测模式。 其他实施例涉及中子检测，具有能量分辨率的伽马射线检测和用于增强对秘密核材料的检测的检测器的设计。
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公开(公告)号：US07218704B1
公开(公告)日：2007-05-15
申请号：US11238719
申请日：2005-09-29
IPC分类号： G01N23/04
CPC分类号： G01V5/0025 , G01T3/06 , G01V5/0066 , G01V5/0075
摘要： An inspection system based upon an enclosed conveyance such as a van, capable of road travel, for inspecting persons or objects. The conveyance is characterized by an enclosing body, or skin. A source of penetrating radiation and a spatial modulator for forming the penetrating radiation into a beam, both contained entirely within the body of the enclosed conveyance, irradiate the person or object with a time-variable scanning profile. A detector module generates a scatter signal based on the scatter of penetrating radiation. A proximity sensor may be employed to generate a relative motion signal based on a relative disposition of the conveyance and the inspected object. An image is formed of the contents of the object based in part on the scatter signal and the relative motion signal. A detector, which may be separate or part of the scatter detector module, may exhibit sensitivity to decay products of radioactive material.
摘要翻译： 一种基于诸如面包车的封闭运输工具的检查系统，能够进行道路行驶，用于检查人员或物体。 输送带的特征在于包围的身体或皮肤。 穿透辐射源和用于将穿透辐射形成横梁的空间调制器，两者完全包含在封闭输送体的主体内，以时变扫描轮廓照射人或物体。 检测器模块基于穿透辐射的散射产生散射信号。 可以使用接近传感器来基于输送和检查对象的相对布置来产生相对运动信号。 部分地基于散射信号和相对运动信号，由对象的内容形成图像。 可以是分离或散射检测器模块的一部分的检测器可能对放射性物质的衰变产物具有敏感性。
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公开(公告)号：US06453007B2
公开(公告)日：2002-09-17
申请号：US09785672
申请日：2001-02-16
申请人： William L. Adams , Lee Grodzins
发明人： William L. Adams , Lee Grodzins
IPC分类号： G01N2304
CPC分类号： G01N23/203
摘要： An inspection system is for inspecting an object with penetrating radiation. A source of penetrating radiation provides a beam of radiation. The beam alternates between a first beam shape and a second beam shape, the first and second beam shapes being coplanar. A first detector arrangement is for detecting penetrating radiation from a portion of the beam transmitted through the object and generating a transmitted radiation signal. A second detector arrangement is for detecting penetrating radiation from a portion of the beam scattered by the object and generating a scattered radiation signal. A processor determines at least one characteristic of the object based at least on the transmitted and scattered radiation signals.
摘要翻译： 检查系统用于检查具有穿透辐射的物体。 穿透辐射源提供辐射束。 光束在第一光束形状和第二光束形状之间交替，第一和第二光束形状是共面的。 第一检测器装置用于检测穿过物体的一部分光束的穿透辐射并产生透射的辐射信号。 第二检测器装置用于检测来自被物体散射的光束的一部分的穿透辐射并产生散射辐射信号。 处理器至少基于发射和散射的辐射信号来确定对象的至少一个特性。
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公开(公告)号：US20090175412A1
公开(公告)日：2009-07-09
申请号：US12239054
申请日：2008-09-26
申请人： Lee Grodzins , Peter Rothschild , William L. Adams
发明人： Lee Grodzins , Peter Rothschild , William L. Adams
IPC分类号： G01N23/083 , G01N23/22 , G01N23/203 , G01T1/00 , G01T3/00
CPC分类号： G01N23/04 , G01T3/06 , G01V5/0025 , G01V5/0091
摘要： Systems and methods for detecting clandestine fissile or radioactive material on the basis of emitted radiation and particles (such as neutrons and alpha particles) arising from within the material. Emission by the fissile or radioactive material is detected in conjunction with a conventional x-ray imaging system that includes an external source of illuminating penetrating radiation, at least one detector configured to detect at least the penetrating radiation and to generate a detector signal, and a processor configured as a detector signal discriminator to generate an output indicating whether the detector signal is triggered by an origin other than illuminating penetrating radiation. Active and passive modes of detection are described by some embodiments. Other embodiments are directed toward neutron detection, gamma ray detection with energy resolution, and designs of detectors to enhance the detection of clandestine nuclear material.
摘要翻译： 在发射的辐射和材料内产生的颗粒（如中子和α粒子）的基础上检测秘密裂变物或放射性物质的系统和方法。 与常规x射线成像系统一起检测易裂变材料或放射性物质的排放，该x射线成像系统包括外部照射穿透辐射源，至少一个检测器被配置为至少检测穿透辐射并产生检测器信号，以及 处理器被配置为检测器信号鉴别器以产生指示检测器信号是否由除了照射穿透辐射之外的原点触发的输出。 一些实施例描述了主动和被动的检测模式。 其他实施例涉及中子检测，具有能量分辨率的伽马射线检测和用于增强对秘密核材料的检测的检测器的设计。
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公开(公告)号：US6081580A
公开(公告)日：2000-06-27
申请号：US149204
申请日：1998-09-08
申请人： Lee Grodzins , William L. Adams
发明人： Lee Grodzins , William L. Adams
IPC分类号： G01N23/04 , G01V5/00 , G01N23/201
CPC分类号： G01N23/04 , G01N23/046 , G01V5/0016 , G01V5/0025 , G01V5/005 , G01V5/0058 , G01N2223/419
摘要： A tomography system for analyzing an object concealed within an enveloping surface. The system has multiple beams of penetrating radiation, each beam disposed with a distinct orientation with respect to the enveloping surface. Detectors are provided for measuring radiation backscattered by the contents of the enveloping surface and for measuring radiation transmitted through the enveloping surface. The enveloping surface is moved with respect to the multiple beams, and a timer provides for measurement of a time difference between the appearance of features in signals of respective detectors, allowing geometrical characteristics of the features to be determined and displayed.
摘要翻译： 用于分析隐藏在包络表面内的物体的断层摄影系统。 该系统具有多个穿透辐射束，每个光束相对于包络表面具有不同的取向。 提供检测器用于测量由包络表面的内容物反向散射的辐射，并用于测量透过包络表面的辐射。 包围表面相对于多个波束移动，并且定时器提供测量各个检测器的信号中的特征的出现之间的时间差，允许确定和显示特征的几何特征。
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公开(公告)号：US20170245819A1
公开(公告)日：2017-08-31
申请号：US15444135
申请日：2017-02-27
申请人： Peter J. Rothschild , Lee Grodzins
发明人： Peter J. Rothschild , Lee Grodzins
CPC分类号： A61B6/505 , A61B6/06 , A61B6/4071 , A61B6/4078 , A61B6/4241 , A61B6/4258 , A61B6/4291 , A61B6/4429 , A61B6/4441 , A61B6/4476 , A61B6/482 , A61B6/485 , A61B6/5217 , A61B6/5282 , A61B6/542 , G01N23/087 , G01N2223/076 , G01N2223/0763 , G01N2223/1013 , G01N2223/1016 , H01J35/00
摘要： A system and corresponding method for detecting one or more high-atomic-number elements in a patient includes a Bremsstrahlung x-ray source that produces x-rays in an energy spectrum including an energy of at least 160 kiloelectron-volts (keV), a filter configured to absorb the x-rays in a region of the energy spectrum, and a collimator configured to receive the x-rays and output a collimated x-ray beam to be incident on a patient. The system and method can also include one or more collimated, energy-resolving x-ray detectors to detect fluorescent radiation emitted from the one or more high-atomic-number elements in the patient in response to the collimated x-ray beam incident on the patient. An alternative x-ray source can include a radioactive isotope. Scanning of the x-ray beam may also be performed. Embodiments enable practical clinical, in vivo measurements of lead in bone.
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公开(公告)号：US09291582B2
公开(公告)日：2016-03-22
申请号：US13616253
申请日：2012-09-14
摘要： An adjustable collimator for shaping a beam of particles, such as for purposes of inspecting contents of a container. The adjustable collimator has an obscuring element substantially opaque to passage of the particles in a propagation direction that is radial with respect to the axis of rotation of a ring of apertures. A gap in the obscuring element may be characterized by a length taken along a long dimension and a jaw spacing taken along narrow dimension, and at least one of the length of the gap and the jaw spacing is subject to adjustment, either manual or automatic. The adjustable collimator may be disposed either inside or outside the ring of apertures, and, in some embodiments, the jaw spacing may be a function of distance along the long dimension relative to an edge of the gap.
摘要翻译： 用于成形颗粒束的可调节准直器，例如用于检查容器内容物的目的。 可调节准直器具有基本上不透明的元件，该透明元件在相对于孔环的旋转轴线径向的传播方向上通过颗粒。 模糊元件中的间隙的特征在于沿着长度取长度，并且沿着狭窄的尺寸取得钳口间隔，并且间隙和钳口间隔的长度中的至少一个可以手动或自动地进行调节。 可调整的准直器可以设置在孔的环的内部或外部，并且在一些实施例中，钳口间隔可以是沿着间隔相对于边缘的长度的距离的函数。
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8.发明授权Localization of an element of interest by XRF analysis of different inspection volumes 有权通过XRF对不同检验量的分析来定位感兴趣的元素公开(公告)号：US08433034B2
公开(公告)日：2013-04-30
申请号：US13529471
申请日：2012-06-21
申请人： Lee Grodzins
发明人： Lee Grodzins
IPC分类号： G01N23/223
CPC分类号： G01N23/223 , G01N2223/076
摘要： An apparatus and method are disclosed for localizing an element of interest in a sample by comparing XRF spectra acquired from at least two distinct but overlapping inspection volumes. The inspection volumes are varied by changing the geometry of the exciting x-ray and/or fluoresced x-ray beam(s), which may be accomplished by repositioning multi-apertured collimators. Comparison of the XRF spectra acquired from different inspection volumes provides an indication as to whether the element of interest (e.g., lead) is present in a coating layer, in the underlying bulk material, or in both.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于通过比较从至少两个不同但重叠的检查体积获取的XRF光谱来定位样品中感兴趣的元件的装置和方法。 通过改变激发的x射线和/或荧光X射线束的几何形状来改变检查体积，这可以通过重新定位多孔准直器来实现。 从不同检查体积获得的XRF光谱的比较提供关于感兴趣的元素（例如，铅）是否存在于涂层中，潜在的散装材料中或两者中的指示。
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公开(公告)号：US20130003936A1
公开(公告)日：2013-01-03
申请号：US13616253
申请日：2012-09-14
IPC分类号： G21K1/04
摘要： An adjustable collimator for shaping a beam of particles, such as for purposes of inspecting contents of a container. The adjustable collimator has an obscuring element substantially opaque to passage of the particles in a propagation direction that is radial with respect to the axis of rotation of a ring of apertures. A gap in the obscuring element may be characterized by a length taken along a long dimension and a jaw spacing taken along narrow dimension, and at least one of the length of the gap and the jaw spacing is subject to adjustment, either manual or automatic. The adjustable collimator may be disposed either inside or outside the ring of apertures, and, in some embodiments, the jaw spacing may be a function of distance along the long dimension relative to an edge of the gap.
摘要翻译： 用于成形颗粒束的可调节准直器，例如用于检查容器内容物的目的。 可调节准直器具有基本上不透明的元件，该透明元件在相对于孔环的旋转轴线径向的传播方向上通过颗粒。 模糊元件中的间隙的特征在于沿着长度取长度，并且沿着狭窄的尺寸取得钳口间隔，并且间隙和钳口间隔的长度中的至少一个可以手动或自动地进行调节。 可调整的准直器可以设置在孔的环的内部或外部，并且在一些实施例中，钳口间隔可以是沿着间隔相对于边缘的长度的距离的函数。
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公开(公告)号：US07671350B2
公开(公告)日：2010-03-02
申请号：US12300790
申请日：2007-05-25
申请人： Lee Grodzins
发明人： Lee Grodzins
IPC分类号： G01N23/223
CPC分类号： G01N23/223 , G01N2223/076
摘要： An instrument and method for measuring the elemental composition of a test material. The instrument has a source of penetrating radiation for irradiating an irradiated region of the test material, a detector for detecting fluorescence emission by the test material and for generating a detector signal, and a controller for converting the detector signal into a spectrum characterizing the composition of the test material. A platen of attenuating material extends outward from adjacent to, and surrounding, the irradiated surface of the test material. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the attenuating platen is tapered such as to decrease with increasing radial distance from the central irradiated region of the test material.
摘要翻译： 用于测量测试材料的元素组成的仪器和方法。 仪器具有用于照射测试材料的照射区域的穿透辐射源，用于检测测试材料的荧光发射和产生检测器信号的检测器，以及用于将检测器信号转换成表征组成的光谱的控制器 测试材料。 衰减材料的压板从测试材料的照射表面的相邻并且围绕其向外延伸。 在某些实施例中，衰减台板的厚度是锥形的，以便随着与测试材料的中心照射区域的径向距离的增加而减小。
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