公开(公告)号：US08325871B2

公开(公告)日：2012-12-04

申请号：US12239054

申请日：2008-09-26

申请人： Lee Grodzins ,  Peter Rothschild ,  William L. Adams

发明人： Lee Grodzins ,  Peter Rothschild ,  William L. Adams

IPC分类号： G01T1/00

CPC分类号： G01N23/04 ,  G01T3/06 ,  G01V5/0025 ,  G01V5/0091

摘要： Systems and methods for detecting clandestine fissile or radioactive material on the basis of emitted radiation and particles (such as neutrons and alpha particles) arising from within the material. Emission by the fissile or radioactive material is detected in conjunction with a conventional x-ray imaging system that includes an external source of illuminating penetrating radiation, at least one detector configured to detect at least the penetrating radiation and to generate a detector signal, and a processor configured as a detector signal discriminator to generate an output indicating whether the detector signal is triggered by an origin other than illuminating penetrating radiation. Active and passive modes of detection are described by some embodiments. Other embodiments are directed toward neutron detection, gamma ray detection with energy resolution, and designs of detectors to enhance the detection of clandestine nuclear material.

摘要翻译： 在发射的辐射和材料内产生的颗粒（如中子和α粒子）的基础上检测秘密裂变物或放射性物质的系统和方法。 与常规x射线成像系统一起检测易裂变材料或放射性物质的排放，该x射线成像系统包括外部照射穿透辐射源，至少一个检测器被配置为至少检测穿透辐射并产生检测器信号，以及 处理器被配置为检测器信号鉴别器以产生指示检测器信号是否由除了照射穿透辐射之外的原点触发的输出。 一些实施例描述了主动和被动的检测模式。 其他实施例涉及中子检测，具有能量分辨率的伽马射线检测和用于增强对秘密核材料的检测的检测器的设计。

公开(公告)号：US20110079734A1

公开(公告)日：2011-04-07

申请号：US12895655

申请日：2010-09-30

申请人： Lee GRODZINS ,  William L. Adams ,  Paul Estabrooks

发明人： Lee GRODZINS ,  William L. Adams ,  Paul Estabrooks

IPC分类号： G01N21/64 ,  G01N23/223

CPC分类号： G01N23/223 ,  G01N21/63 ,  G01N21/718 ,  G01N2201/0221 ,  G01N2223/076

摘要： Methods and apparatus for analyzing a test sample using complementary techniques, such as x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and optical emission spectroscopy (OES), are disclosed for registering two or more test instruments, in relation to the test sample, such that each of the instruments analyzes substantially the same region as is analyzed by the other instrument(s), and for communicating analytical results between or among the instruments, or between the instruments and another component, to enable one or more of the instruments, or the other component, to combine the results and, thereby, more completely and accurately determine the composition of the test sample. Such registration and communication enables, for example, separate XRF and OES instruments to collectively determine the composition of the test sample, including the absolute amounts of light and heavy elements in the test material.

摘要翻译： 公开了使用诸如x射线荧光（XRF）和光发射光谱（OES）之类的互补技术来分析测试样品的方法和装置，用于相对于测试样品登记两个或更多个测试仪器， 仪器基本上与其他仪器分析的区域进行分析，并且在仪器之间或仪器之间或仪器与另一组件之间传达分析结果，以使一个或多个仪器或其他组件 ，以结合结果，从而更完全和准确地确定测试样品的组成。 这种注册和通信使得例如分离的XRF和OES仪器可以共同确定测试样品的组成，包括测试材料中的轻质和重元素的绝对量。

公开(公告)号：US20090175412A1

公开(公告)日：2009-07-09

申请号：US12239054

申请日：2008-09-26

申请人： Lee Grodzins ,  Peter Rothschild ,  William L. Adams

发明人： Lee Grodzins ,  Peter Rothschild ,  William L. Adams

IPC分类号： G01N23/083 ,  G01N23/22 ,  G01N23/203 ,  G01T1/00 ,  G01T3/00

CPC分类号： G01N23/04 ,  G01T3/06 ,  G01V5/0025 ,  G01V5/0091

摘要： Systems and methods for detecting clandestine fissile or radioactive material on the basis of emitted radiation and particles (such as neutrons and alpha particles) arising from within the material. Emission by the fissile or radioactive material is detected in conjunction with a conventional x-ray imaging system that includes an external source of illuminating penetrating radiation, at least one detector configured to detect at least the penetrating radiation and to generate a detector signal, and a processor configured as a detector signal discriminator to generate an output indicating whether the detector signal is triggered by an origin other than illuminating penetrating radiation. Active and passive modes of detection are described by some embodiments. Other embodiments are directed toward neutron detection, gamma ray detection with energy resolution, and designs of detectors to enhance the detection of clandestine nuclear material.

摘要翻译： 在发射的辐射和材料内产生的颗粒（如中子和α粒子）的基础上检测秘密裂变物或放射性物质的系统和方法。 与常规x射线成像系统一起检测易裂变材料或放射性物质的排放，该x射线成像系统包括外部照射穿透辐射源，至少一个检测器被配置为至少检测穿透辐射并产生检测器信号，以及 处理器被配置为检测器信号鉴别器以产生指示检测器信号是否由除了照射穿透辐射之外的原点触发的输出。 一些实施例描述了主动和被动的检测模式。 其他实施例涉及中子检测，具有能量分辨率的伽马射线检测和用于增强对秘密核材料的检测的检测器的设计。

公开(公告)号：US6081580A

公开(公告)日：2000-06-27

申请号：US149204

申请日：1998-09-08

申请人： Lee Grodzins ,  William L. Adams

发明人： Lee Grodzins ,  William L. Adams

IPC分类号： G01N23/04 ,  G01V5/00 ,  G01N23/201

CPC分类号： G01N23/04 ,  G01N23/046 ,  G01V5/0016 ,  G01V5/0025 ,  G01V5/005 ,  G01V5/0058 ,  G01N2223/419

摘要： A tomography system for analyzing an object concealed within an enveloping surface. The system has multiple beams of penetrating radiation, each beam disposed with a distinct orientation with respect to the enveloping surface. Detectors are provided for measuring radiation backscattered by the contents of the enveloping surface and for measuring radiation transmitted through the enveloping surface. The enveloping surface is moved with respect to the multiple beams, and a timer provides for measurement of a time difference between the appearance of features in signals of respective detectors, allowing geometrical characteristics of the features to be determined and displayed.

摘要翻译： 用于分析隐藏在包络表面内的物体的断层摄影系统。 该系统具有多个穿透辐射束，每个光束相对于包络表面具有不同的取向。 提供检测器用于测量由包络表面的内容物反向散射的辐射，并用于测量透过包络表面的辐射。 包围表面相对于多个波束移动，并且定时器提供测量各个检测器的信号中的特征的出现之间的时间差，允许确定和显示特征的几何特征。

公开(公告)号：US07218704B1

公开(公告)日：2007-05-15

申请号：US11238719

申请日：2005-09-29

申请人： William L. Adams ,  Alex Chalmers ,  Lee Grodzins ,  Louis W. Perich ,  Peter Rothschild

发明人： William L. Adams ,  Alex Chalmers ,  Lee Grodzins ,  Louis W. Perich ,  Peter Rothschild

IPC分类号： G01N23/04

CPC分类号： G01V5/0025 ,  G01T3/06 ,  G01V5/0066 ,  G01V5/0075

摘要： An inspection system based upon an enclosed conveyance such as a van, capable of road travel, for inspecting persons or objects. The conveyance is characterized by an enclosing body, or skin. A source of penetrating radiation and a spatial modulator for forming the penetrating radiation into a beam, both contained entirely within the body of the enclosed conveyance, irradiate the person or object with a time-variable scanning profile. A detector module generates a scatter signal based on the scatter of penetrating radiation. A proximity sensor may be employed to generate a relative motion signal based on a relative disposition of the conveyance and the inspected object. An image is formed of the contents of the object based in part on the scatter signal and the relative motion signal. A detector, which may be separate or part of the scatter detector module, may exhibit sensitivity to decay products of radioactive material.

摘要翻译： 一种基于诸如面包车的封闭运输工具的检查系统，能够进行道路行驶，用于检查人员或物体。 输送带的特征在于包围的身体或皮肤。 穿透辐射源和用于将穿透辐射形成横梁的空间调制器，两者完全包含在封闭输送体的主体内，以时变扫描轮廓照射人或物体。 检测器模块基于穿透辐射的散射产生散射信号。 可以使用接近传感器来基于输送和检查对象的相对布置来产生相对运动信号。 部分地基于散射信号和相对运动信号，由对象的内容形成图像。 可以是分离或散射检测器模块的一部分的检测器可能对放射性物质的衰变产物具有敏感性。

公开(公告)号：US06453007B2

公开(公告)日：2002-09-17

申请号：US09785672

申请日：2001-02-16

申请人： William L. Adams ,  Lee Grodzins

发明人： William L. Adams ,  Lee Grodzins

IPC分类号： G01N2304

CPC分类号： G01N23/203

摘要： An inspection system is for inspecting an object with penetrating radiation. A source of penetrating radiation provides a beam of radiation. The beam alternates between a first beam shape and a second beam shape, the first and second beam shapes being coplanar. A first detector arrangement is for detecting penetrating radiation from a portion of the beam transmitted through the object and generating a transmitted radiation signal. A second detector arrangement is for detecting penetrating radiation from a portion of the beam scattered by the object and generating a scattered radiation signal. A processor determines at least one characteristic of the object based at least on the transmitted and scattered radiation signals.

摘要翻译： 检查系统用于检查具有穿透辐射的物体。 穿透辐射源提供辐射束。 光束在第一光束形状和第二光束形状之间交替，第一和第二光束形状是共面的。 第一检测器装置用于检测穿过物体的一部分光束的穿透辐射并产生透射的辐射信号。 第二检测器装置用于检测来自被物体散射的光束的一部分的穿透辐射并产生散射辐射信号。 处理器至少基于发射和散射的辐射信号来确定对象的至少一个特性。

公开(公告)号：US20090251007A1

公开(公告)日：2009-10-08

申请号：US12406801

申请日：2009-03-18

申请人： William L. Adams ,  Mark Hamilton

发明人： William L. Adams ,  Mark Hamilton

IPC分类号： H02J3/00 ,  H02J7/00

CPC分类号： G06F1/263 ,  H01M2/1033 ,  H01M10/425 ,  H01M10/46 ,  H02J7/0036 ,  H02J7/0052 ,  H02J9/061 ,  Y10T307/647 ,  Y10T307/696

摘要： A retrofit module electrically connects to a device's battery terminals, where an original main battery would otherwise connect to the device, and a hot-swappable battery electrically connects to the retrofit module, thereby retrofitting the device for operation with hot-swappable batteries, without shutting down the device to swap the batteries. When a charged hot-swappable battery is connected to the retrofit module, the retrofit module powers the device from the hot-swappable battery. The retrofit module includes a bridge battery and a circuit that charges the bridge battery from the hot-swappable battery and that provides power to the device from the bridge battery while the hot-swappable battery is replaced. The retrofit module may include a releasable structure that maintains the module in contact with the device's battery terminals, even after the hot-swappable battery has been removed. The retrofit module may have a form factor and power supplying terminals similar to those of the main battery that the device is configured to accept.

摘要翻译： 改装模块电连接到设备的电池端子，其中原始主电池将以其他方式连接到设备，并且热插拔电池电连接到改装模块，由此改装设备以使用热插拔电池进行操作而不关闭 向下放置设备以交换电池。 当充电的热插拔电池连接到改装模块时，改装模块从热插拔电池为设备供电。 改型模块包括桥式电池和从热插拔电池对桥式电池充电的电路，并且在更换热插拔电池时从桥式电池向设备供电。 即使在热交换电池被移除之后，改装模块也可以包括使模块与设备的电池端子保持接触的可释放结构。 改装模块可以具有类似于设备被配置为接受的主电池的外形尺寸和供电端子。

公开(公告)号：US20100310041A1

公开(公告)日：2010-12-09

申请号：US12793264

申请日：2010-06-03

申请人： William L. Adams ,  Stephen I. Shefsky

发明人： William L. Adams ,  Stephen I. Shefsky

IPC分类号： G01N23/223

CPC分类号： G01N23/223 ,  G01N2223/076

摘要： An X-ray fluorescence instrument in which x-rays are directed from a source onto a sample by a focusing element. Fluorescence from the sample is detected by an x-ray detector disposed entirely within a volume “interior” to the focusing element, as defined in the description of the invention. A second focusing element may collect emission by the sample and direct it monochromatically, over a large opening angle, onto the x-ray detector. Methods for applying the instrument, particularly for the quantification of sulfur and other contaminating elements in lubricants and fuel are also provided.

摘要翻译： 一种X射线荧光仪器，其中X射线通过聚焦元件从光源引导到样品上。 如在本发明的说明书中所定义的，通过完全位于聚焦元件的体积“内部”内的x射线检测器检测来自样品的荧光。 第二聚焦元件可以收集样品的发射并将其以大的开放角度单色地引导到x射线检测器上。 还提供了用于施加仪器的方法，特别是用于定量润滑剂和燃料中的硫和其它污染元素的方法。

公开(公告)号：US07657003B2

公开(公告)日：2010-02-02

申请号：US12204643

申请日：2008-09-04

申请人： William L. Adams

发明人： William L. Adams

IPC分类号： H01J35/06

CPC分类号： H01J35/06 ,  H01J2201/28

摘要： An x-ray source produces a well-defined electron beam, without an undesirable halo. The x-ray source includes a housing, a cathode disposed within the housing, an anode spaced apart from the cathode for accelerating electrons emitted from the cathode and an x-ray emitter target disposed within the housing and spaced apart from the cathode for impact by the accelerated electrons. The cathode includes a passivation layer over only a portion of the area of the cathode, leaving an emission portion of the cathode that is not passivated. The passivation layer reduces or prevents emissions from the passivated portion of the cathode, thereby preventing a halo, which would otherwise be produced by lower-level emissions from the portion of the cathode that surrounds the emission portion of the cathode.

摘要翻译： x射线源产生明确定义的电子束，没有不希望的光晕。 x射线源包括壳体，设置在壳体内的阴极，与阴极间隔开的用于加速从阴极发射的电子的阳极和设置在壳体内并与阴极间隔开以用于冲击的x射线发射器靶 加速电子。 阴极仅在阴极的一部分区域上包括钝化层，留下未被钝化的阴极的发射部分。 钝化层减少或阻止来自阴极的钝化部分的发射，从而防止晕，否则将由阴极的围绕阴极的发射部分的部分的较低水平的发射产生。

公开(公告)号：US4964468A

公开(公告)日：1990-10-23

申请号：US390755

申请日：1989-08-08

申请人： William L. Adams ,  Gary R. Chesnut

发明人： William L. Adams ,  Gary R. Chesnut

IPC分类号： C09K8/54 ,  E21B41/02

CPC分类号： C09K8/54 ,  E21B41/02 ,  Y10S166/902 ,  Y10S507/939

摘要： Corrosion inhibition composition formed as a water-external emulsions having an oil soluble organic film forming type of corrosion inhibitor in the dispersed phase thereof are disclosed for downhole well applications, such emulsions having a stability at room temperature without agitation of from 2 to 30 minutes.

摘要翻译： 公开了在其分散相中形成为具有油溶性有机膜形成型腐蚀抑制剂的水 - 外乳剂的腐蚀抑制组合物，用于井下井应用，这种在室温下稳定而不搅拌2至30分钟的乳液。