公开(公告)号：US6143534A

公开(公告)日：2000-11-07

申请号：US814078

申请日：1991-12-24

申请人： William M. Menger ,  Ernest E. Kern ,  O. C. Karkalits ,  Donald L. Wise ,  Alfred P. Leuschner ,  David Odelson ,  Hans E. Grethlein

发明人： William M. Menger ,  Ernest E. Kern ,  O. C. Karkalits ,  Donald L. Wise ,  Alfred P. Leuschner ,  David Odelson ,  Hans E. Grethlein

IPC分类号： C12P5/02

CPC分类号： C12M21/04 ,  C12M23/18 ,  C12M23/36 ,  C12P5/023 ,  Y02E50/343

摘要： Lignite is treated with ligninase source to enhance its reactivity. In one embodiment, lignite is gasified in a subterranean reactor by simultaneous digestion by anaerobic ligninase producers, such as termite microflora, and acid formers and methanogens. In another embodiment, the lignite is treated with ligninase prior to digestion by the acid formers and methanogens. If desired, the lignite may be pretreated by alkaline hydrolysis.

摘要翻译： 用木质素源处理褐煤提高其反应性。 在一个实施方案中，褐煤通过厌氧木质素酶生产者（例如白蚁微生物群落）和成酸剂和产甲烷菌同时消化在地下反应器中气化。 在另一个实施方案中，在由酸形成剂和产甲烷菌消化之前，用木质素酶处理褐煤。 如果需要，褐煤可以通过碱水解进行预处理。

公开(公告)号：US4237226A

公开(公告)日：1980-12-02

申请号：US14474

申请日：1979-02-23

申请人： Hans E. Grethlein

发明人： Hans E. Grethlein

IPC分类号： C12P19/20 ,  C13K1/02 ,  C12P7/18 ,  C12P7/24 ,  C12R1/885

CPC分类号： C12P19/20 ,  C13K1/02

摘要： Processes for treating cellulosic substances prior to hydrolysis which lead to shortening hydrolysis time and to increasing sugar yield. As exemplary, an aqueous slurry of the cellulosic substance is acidified and heated to and maintained at a temperature to produce a change in the cellulosic structure; the heating period is controlled so that there is little glucose formation. The pretreated cellulose may be subsequently hydrolyzed by acid or enzyme.

摘要翻译： 在水解之前处理纤维素物质的过程导致缩短水解时间并增加糖产量。 作为示例，将纤维素物质的水性浆料酸化并加热至并保持在温度以产生纤维素结构的变化; 控制加热时间，使得葡萄糖形成很少。 预处理的纤维素可以随后用酸或酶水解。

公开(公告)号：US4961826A

公开(公告)日：1990-10-09

申请号：US897986

申请日：1986-08-19

申请人： Hans E. Grethlein ,  Lee H. Lynd

发明人： Hans E. Grethlein ,  Lee H. Lynd

IPC分类号： B01D1/28 ,  B01D3/00 ,  B01D3/14

CPC分类号： B01D3/146 ,  B01D1/2856 ,  B01D3/007 ,  Y10S203/04 ,  Y10S203/14 ,  Y10S203/20

摘要： A method of distillation employing a heat pump (which may be driven by a compressor) using a vapor stream from within the distillation system as a heat source and a liquid stream from within the distillation system as a heat sink. The selection of heat-source vapors and heat-sink liquid is such that at least one is withdrawn from the phase-contacting region of the distillation system. The return of streams withdrawn from the phase-contacting region of the distillation system to the distillation system is such that at least one of the streams is returned at a temperature different from that of the point from which it was withdrawn, and all withdrawn streams are returned in manner such that a stream removed as vapor is returned at a point with a temperature at most that at the point it was withdrawn, and a stream removed as liquid is returned at a point with a temperature at least that at which it was withdrawn. Embodiments of the basic method where vapor only, liquid only, or both liquid and vapor are withdrawn from and returned to the phase-contacting region of the distillation system are considered. The impact of the invention is to reduce the heat requirement of distillation in exchange for an amount of work which is usually small because the temperature difference between heat sources and sinks is minimized. Combination of the basic distillation method with multi-effect distillation, convention overhead-to-reboiler heat pumped distillation, azeotropic and extractive distillation, and fermentative production of volatile compounds is described. A system specifically designed for the separation of ethanol-water mixtures which utilized the present invention and extractive distillation in a system with extensive heat integration is presented.

摘要翻译： 使用来自蒸馏系统内的蒸气流作为热源的蒸气采用热泵（其可由压缩机驱动）的蒸馏方法和作为散热器的蒸馏系统内的液体流。 热源蒸气和散热液体的选择使得至少一个从蒸馏系统的相接触区域排出。 将从蒸馏系统的相接触区域排出的物流返回到蒸馏系统使得至少一个物流以不同于其被抽出的点的温度返回，并且所有排出的物流是 以如下方式返回，使得作为蒸气除去的物流在其被取出的温度至多为一点的点返回，并且作为液体除去的物流在至少被取出的温度的点返回 。 考虑到仅蒸汽，仅液体，或液体和蒸气两者从蒸馏系统的相接触区域排出并返回到蒸馏系统的相接触区域的基本方法的实施方案。 本发明的影响是减少蒸馏的热量需求，以换取通常较小的工作量，因为热源和水槽之间的温差最小化。 描述了碱蒸馏法与多效蒸馏法，常规塔式再沸器热泵蒸馏，共沸萃取蒸馏和挥发性化合物发酵生产的组合。 提出了专门设计用于分离使用本发明的乙醇 - 水混合物和在具有广泛的热积分的系统中的萃取蒸馏的系统。

公开(公告)号：US4818295A

公开(公告)日：1989-04-04

申请号：US848245

申请日：1986-04-04

申请人： Alvin O. Converse ,  Hans E. Grethlein ,  Joseph E. Holland

发明人： Alvin O. Converse ,  Hans E. Grethlein ,  Joseph E. Holland

IPC分类号： B01J19/24 ,  B01J3/00 ,  B01D47/00

CPC分类号： B01J19/2405 ,  B01J2219/00114 ,  B01J2219/00162 ,  B01J2219/00166

摘要： A system is provided to produce sugars from a liquid-solid mixture containing biomass, and an acid, wherein the mixture is heated to an appropriate temperature to achieve hydrolysis. The liquid-solid mixture is introduced as a stream into the circular-cylindrical chamber of a cyclone reaction vessel and steam is introduced to the vessel to provide the necessary heat for hydrolysis as well as to establish the liquid-solid mixture in a rotary flow field whereby the liquids and solids of the mixture move along spiral paths within the chamber. The liquid-solid mixture may be introduced at the periphery of the chamber to spiral down toward and be discharged at or near the center of the chamber. Because of differing mass, the solid particles in the mixture move radially inward at a different rate than the liquid and that rate is controlled to maximize the hydrolysis of the solids and to minimize the decomposition of sugars, thus formed.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种从含有生物质和酸的液体 - 固体混合物中生产糖的系统，其中将混合物加热到适当的温度以实现水解。 将液体 - 固体混合物作为流引入旋风反应容器的圆柱形室中，并将蒸汽引入容器中以提供必要的水解热，以及在旋转流场中建立液固混合物 由此混合物的液体和固体沿室内的螺旋路径移动。 液体 - 固体混合物可以在室的周边引入螺旋形并向腔室中心附近排出。 由于质量不同，混合物中的固体颗粒以与液体不同的速率径向向内移动，并且控制该速率以最大化固体的水解并使由此形成的糖的分解最小化。

公开(公告)号：US4626321A

公开(公告)日：1986-12-02

申请号：US829549

申请日：1986-02-13

申请人： Hans E. Grethlein ,  Lee H. Lynd

发明人： Hans E. Grethlein ,  Lee H. Lynd

IPC分类号： B01D1/28 ,  B01D3/00 ,  B01D3/14

CPC分类号： B01D3/146 ,  B01D1/2856 ,  B01D3/007 ,  Y02B30/52 ,  Y10S203/04 ,  Y10S203/20

摘要： A method of distillation employing a heat pump (which may be driven by a compressor) using a vapor stream from within the distillation system as a heat source and a liquid stream from within the distillation system as a heat sink. The selection of heat-source vapors and heat-sink liquid is such that at least one is withdrawm from the phase-contacting region of the distillation system. The return of streams withdrawm from the phase-contacting region of the distillation system to the distillation system is such that at least one of the streams is returned at a temperature different from that of the point from which it was withdrawn, and all withdrawn streams are returned in manner such that a stream removed as vapor is returned at a point with a temperature at most that at the point it was withdrawn, and a stream removed as liquid is returned at a point with a temperature at least that at which it was withdrawn. Embodiments of the basic method where vapor only, liquid only, or both liquid and vapor are withdrawn from and returned to the phase-contacting region of the distillation system are considered. The impact of the invention is to reduce the heat requirement of distillation in exchange for an amount of work which is usually small because the temperature difference between heat sources and sinks is minimized. Combination of the basic distillation method with multi-effect distillation, convention overhead-to-reboiler heat pumped distillation, azeotropic and extractive distillation, and fermentative production of volatile compounds is described. A system specifically designed for the separation of ethanol-water mixtures which utilizes the present invention and extractive distillation in a system with extensive heat integration is presented.

摘要翻译： 使用来自蒸馏系统内的蒸气流作为热源的蒸气采用热泵（其可由压缩机驱动）的蒸馏方法和作为散热器的蒸馏系统内的液体流。 热源蒸气和散热液体的选择使得至少一个离开蒸馏系统的相接触区域。 从蒸馏系统的相接触区域向蒸馏系统退出的回流是这样的流中的至少一个在与其被抽出的点不同的温度下返回，并且所有排出的物流是 以如下方式返回，使得作为蒸气除去的物流在其被取出的温度至多为一点的点返回，并且作为液体除去的物流在至少被取出的温度的点返回 。 考虑到仅蒸汽，仅液体，或液体和蒸气两者从蒸馏系统的相接触区域排出并返回到蒸馏系统的相接触区域的基本方法的实施方案。 本发明的影响是减少蒸馏的热量需求，以换取通常较小的工作量，因为热源和水槽之间的温差最小化。 描述了碱蒸馏法与多效蒸馏法，常规塔式再沸器热泵蒸馏，共沸萃取蒸馏和挥发性化合物发酵生产的组合。 提出了一种专门用于分离乙醇 - 水混合物的系统，该系统利用本发明和在具有广泛的热积分的系统中进行萃取蒸馏。

公开(公告)号：US20090215139A1

公开(公告)日：2009-08-27

申请号：US12036859

申请日：2008-02-25

申请人： Rathin Datta ,  Rahul Basu ,  Hans E. Grethlein

发明人： Rathin Datta ,  Rahul Basu ,  Hans E. Grethlein

IPC分类号： C12P7/14

CPC分类号： C12P7/065 ,  C12P7/08 ,  Y02E50/17 ,  Y02E50/343

摘要： Ethanol and other liquid products produced by the contacting CO and/or a mixture of CO2 and H2 with a microorganism in a bioreactor are separated using a combination of distillation and vapor permeation membranes. The bioreactor passes an effluent with an ethanol concentration of 1 to 6 wt % to a distillation column that produces an overhead vapor stream enriched in ethanol. A series of vapor permeation membranes retain ethanol as retentate and produce a 99 wt % or higher ethanol product. Ethanol depleted permeate streams flow back to the column and the bioreactor. Coupling a bioreactor with distillation and pervaporation efficiently and economically separates ethanol when present at low concentration in an aqueous fermentation broth. The separation arrangement may also include a flash zone ahead of the distillation column to raise the concentration of the ethanol in the input stream to the distillation column.

摘要翻译： 使用蒸馏和蒸气渗透膜的组合分离由CO与CO和H 2的混合物和生物反应器中的微生物产生的乙醇和其它液体产物。 生物反应器将乙醇浓度为1至6重量％的流出物通过蒸馏塔，蒸馏塔产生富含乙醇的塔顶蒸气流。 一系列蒸汽渗透膜将乙醇作为保留物保留，并产生99重量％或更高的乙醇产物。 乙醇贫化的渗透物流流回塔和生物反应器。 在含水发酵液中以低浓度存在时，使生物反应器与蒸馏和渗透蒸发有效并经济地分离乙醇。 分离装置还可以包括在蒸馏塔之前的闪蒸区域，以将输入流中的乙醇浓度提高到蒸馏塔。

公开(公告)号：US5167799A

公开(公告)日：1992-12-01

申请号：US739261

申请日：1991-08-01

申请人： Blaine F. Severin ,  Daniel J. Wagner ,  Hans E. Grethlein ,  Robert F. Hickey

发明人： Blaine F. Severin ,  Daniel J. Wagner ,  Hans E. Grethlein ,  Robert F. Hickey

IPC分类号： B01D29/07

CPC分类号： B01D29/071

摘要： An apparatus for simulating the operation of a full-scale belt filter press consists of a support base, a filter belt and a press belt each anchored at one end to the support base and passing over a static curved pressure face and a winch for exerting a pulling force on the press belt against the static curved press face to remove water from a sample of slurry on or within the belts. An improvement in the method of removing liquid from a slurry with a belt filter press also is disclosed which consists of pulling the pair of belts containing a slurry against a static curved pressure face to force liquid out of the slurry.

摘要翻译： 用于模拟全尺寸带式压滤机的操作的装置包括一个支撑基座，一个过滤带和一个压榨带，每个固定基座一端固定在支撑基座上，并经过一个静态弯曲的压力面和一个绞盘，用于施加 将压榨带上的拉力抵抗静态弯曲的压力表面，以从皮带上或皮带内的浆料样品中除去水分。 公开了一种利用带式压滤机从浆料中除去液体的方法的改进，该方法包括将含有浆料的一对带材压靠在静态弯曲压力面上以迫使液体离开浆料。

公开(公告)号：US4556430A

公开(公告)日：1985-12-03

申请号：US668672

申请日：1984-11-05

申请人： Alvin O. Converse ,  Hans E. Grethlein

发明人： Alvin O. Converse ,  Hans E. Grethlein

IPC分类号： C13K1/02

CPC分类号： C13K1/02

摘要： A process for hydrolysis of biomass wherein the biomass is mixed with a small amount of an aqueous acid to produce a wet meal. A non-aqueous carrier fluid is used to form a slurry of the biomass, and the temperature and pressure are established at appropriate levels to effect hydrolysis of the biomass to decomposition products that include sugar for a time period that is sufficient for the hydrolysis to occur.

摘要翻译： 生物质水解的方法，其中生物质与少量酸水溶液混合以产生湿粉。 使用非水载体流体来形成生物质的浆液，并且以适当的水平建立温度和压力，以使生物质水解成包括糖的分解产物在足以使水解发生的时间段 。

公开(公告)号：US08211679B2

公开(公告)日：2012-07-03

申请号：US12036859

申请日：2008-02-25

申请人： Rathin Datta ,  Rahul Basu ,  Hans E. Grethlein ,  Richard W. Baker ,  Yu Huang

发明人： Rathin Datta ,  Rahul Basu ,  Hans E. Grethlein ,  Richard W. Baker ,  Yu Huang

IPC分类号： C12P7/14

CPC分类号： C12P7/065 ,  C12P7/08 ,  Y02E50/17 ,  Y02E50/343

摘要： Ethanol and other liquid products produced by contacting carbon monoxide (CO) and/or a mixture of CO2 (carbon dioxide) and H2 (hydrogen) with a microorganism in a bioreactor are separated using a combination of distillation and vapor permeation membranes. The bioreactor passes an effluent with an ethanol concentration of 1 to 6 wt % to a distillation column that produces an overhead vapor stream enriched in ethanol. A series of vapor permeation membranes retain ethanol as retentate and produce a 99 wt % or higher ethanol product. Ethanol depleted permeate streams flow back to the column and the bioreactor. Coupling a bioreactor with distillation and pervaporation efficiently and economically separates ethanol when present at low concentration in an aqueous fermentation broth. The separation arrangement may also include a flash zone ahead of the distillation column to raise the concentration of the ethanol in the input stream to the distillation column.

摘要翻译： 使用蒸馏和蒸气渗透膜的组合分离通过使生物反应器中的一氧化碳（CO）和/或CO 2（二氧化碳）和H 2（氢）的混合物与微生物接触而产生的乙醇和其它液体产物。 生物反应器将乙醇浓度为1至6重量％的流出物通过蒸馏塔，蒸馏塔产生富含乙醇的塔顶蒸气流。 一系列蒸汽渗透膜将乙醇作为保留物保留，并产生99重量％或更高的乙醇产物。 乙醇贫化的渗透物流流回塔和生物反应器。 在含水发酵液中以低浓度存在时，使生物反应器与蒸馏和渗透蒸发有效并经济地分离乙醇。 分离装置还可以包括在蒸馏塔之前的闪蒸区域，以将输入流中的乙醇浓度提高到蒸馏塔。

公开(公告)号：US5124004A

公开(公告)日：1992-06-23

申请号：US475732

申请日：1990-02-06

申请人： Hans E. Grethlein ,  Lee R. Lynd

发明人： Hans E. Grethlein ,  Lee R. Lynd

IPC分类号： B01D1/28 ,  B01D3/00 ,  B01D3/14

CPC分类号： B01D3/146 ,  B01D1/2856 ,  B01D3/007 ,  Y02B30/52 ,  Y10S203/04 ,  Y10S203/14 ,  Y10S203/20 ,  Y10S203/90

摘要： A method of distillation employing a heat pump (which may be driven by a compressor) using a vapor stream from within the distillation system as a heat source and a liquid stream from within the distillation system as a heat sink. The selection of heat-source vapors and heat-sink liquid is such that at least one is withdrawn from the phase-contracting region of the distillation system. The return of streams withdrawn from the phase-contacting region of the distillation system to the distillation system is such that at least one of the streams is returned at a temperature different from that of the point from which it was withdrawn, and all withdrawn streams are returned in manner such that a stream removed as vapor is returned at a point with a temperature at most that at the point it was withdrawn, and a stream removed as liquid is returned at a point with a temperature at least that at which it was withdrawn. Embodiments of the basic method where vapor only, liquid only, or both liquid and vapor are withdrawn from and returned to the phase-contacting region of the distillation system are considered. The impact of the invention is to reduce the heat requirement of distillation in exchange for an amount of work which is usually small because the temperature difference between heat sources and sinks is minimized. Combination of the basic distillation method with multi-effect distillation, convention overhead-to-reboiler heat pumped distillation, azeotropic and extractive distillation, and fermentative production of volatile compounds is described. A system specifically designed for the separation of ethanol-water mixtures which utilizes the present invention and extractive distillation in a system with extensive heat integration is presented.

摘要翻译： 使用来自蒸馏系统内的蒸气流作为热源的蒸气采用热泵（其可由压缩机驱动）的蒸馏方法和作为散热器的蒸馏系统内的液体流。 热源蒸气和散热液的选择使得至少一个从蒸馏系统的相收缩区域排出。 将从蒸馏系统的相接触区域排出的物流返回到蒸馏系统使得至少一个物流以不同于其被抽出的点的温度返回，并且所有排出的物流是 以如下方式返回，使得作为蒸气除去的物流在其被取出的温度至多为一点的点返回，并且作为液体除去的物流在至少被取出的温度的点返回 。 考虑到仅蒸汽，仅液体，或液体和蒸气两者从蒸馏系统的相接触区域排出并返回到蒸馏系统的相接触区域的基本方法的实施方案。 本发明的影响是减少蒸馏的热量需求，以换取通常较小的工作量，因为热源和水槽之间的温差最小化。 描述了碱蒸馏法与多效蒸馏法，常规塔式再沸器热泵蒸馏，共沸萃取蒸馏和挥发性化合物发酵生产的组合。 提出了一种专门用于分离乙醇 - 水混合物的系统，该系统利用本发明和在具有广泛的热积分的系统中进行萃取蒸馏。