公开(公告)号：US06204955B1

公开(公告)日：2001-03-20

申请号：US09503828

申请日：2000-02-15

申请人： Yong-Sheng Chao ,  Ying Zhao

发明人： Yong-Sheng Chao ,  Ying Zhao

IPC分类号： G02B2600

CPC分类号： G02B26/0875

摘要： An apparatus for extending the light deflection angle, so a light beam can be dynamically controlled within ±90°, pitch and yaw. The device comprises an initial dynamic beam deflector and a compound light beam direction mapper. The beam direction mapper includes a beam size reducer, a beam transmission adapter, and a projector. An initial light beam from a light source is deflected a small amount by the initial dynamic beam deflector. The initially deflected light beam is focused by the beam size reducer to a light energy spot on the beam transmission adapter, which transfers the light spot to the projector. The projector emits an output light beam at the far field of its output space with an output deflection angle larger than the initial deflection angle. All components are based on classical geometry optics and the energy of the output light beam is within an order of magnitude of that of the input light beam.

摘要翻译： 一种用于延长光偏转角度的装置，因此光束可以在±90°，俯仰和偏航之间动态控制。 该装置包括初始动态光束偏转器和复合光束方向映射器。 光束方向映射器包括光束尺寸减小器，光束传输适配器和投影仪。 来自光源的初始光束被初始动态光束偏转器偏转少量。 最初偏转的光束被光束尺寸减小器聚焦到光束传输适配器上的光能点上，光束传输适配器将光点传送到投影仪。 投影仪在其输出空间的远场处发射输出光束，其输出偏转角大于初始偏转角。 所有组件均基于经典几何光学元件，输出光束的能量在输入光束的能量的一个数量级内。

公开(公告)号：US06388755B1

公开(公告)日：2002-05-14

申请号：US09441285

申请日：1999-11-16

申请人： Ying Zhao ,  Yong-Sheng Chao

发明人： Ying Zhao ,  Yong-Sheng Chao

IPC分类号： G01B1114

CPC分类号： G01B11/002

摘要： An apparatus and method for wirelessly determining position and orientation of a first object relative to a second object in six dimensions, including one or more recording assemblies and one or more identification-coded or orientation-coded optical transponders. The positions of the recording assemblies are fixed relative to the first object and the transponders are fixed relative to the second object. A light source in each recording assembly emits light into space that is received, modulated, and retransmitted back by each transponder to a photodetector assembly in the recording assembly. The identification-coded optical transponder modulates the retransmitted light with a unique fixed code. The orientation-coded optical transponder modulates the retransmitted light with a unique fixed code that depends upon the direction of the incident light. The photodetector assemblies provide one or two independent position parameters for each transponder and two independent orientation parameters for each orientation-coded transponder. The system includes a combination of recording assemblies and transponders that provides at least six independent measured parameters.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在六维中无线地确定第一物体相对于第二物体的位置和取向的装置和方法，包括一个或多个记录组件和一个或多个识别编码或取向编码的光学转发器。 记录组件的位置相对于第一物体固定，并且应答器相对于第二物体固定。 每个记录组件中的光源将光发射到空间中，该空间被每个应答器接收，调制和再发送回记录组件中的光电检测器组件。 识别编码的光转发器用唯一的固定码调制重发光。 定向编码的光转发器利用取决于入射光的方向的唯一固定码来调制重发光。 光电检测器组件为每个转发器提供一个或两个独立的位置参数，并为每个定向编码的应答器提供两个独立的取向参数。 该系统包括提供至少六个独立测量参数的记录组件和转发器的组合。

公开(公告)号：US06295171B1

公开(公告)日：2001-09-25

申请号：US09737506

申请日：2000-12-15

申请人： Yong-Sheng Chao ,  Ying Zhao

发明人： Yong-Sheng Chao ,  Ying Zhao

IPC分类号： G02B702

CPC分类号： G02B26/0875

摘要： A light beam deflector comprises an initial beam deflector that imparts a small initial deflection, and a beam deflection amplifier that increases the initial small deflection by a multiplication factor. There are five embodiments of the initial beam deflector. The first four use a pair of lenses and a piezoelectric actuator affixed to one lens. When the parallel lens axes are separated by a distance, the incident light beam will be deflected by a small angle, typically up to about 5°. The fifth embodiment comprises a mirror affixed to a piezoelectric actuator, which tilts the mirror. The beam deflection amplifier has five embodiments. The first is a Keplerian telescope lens first stage and a negative lens system second stage. The first is a Galilean telescope lens first stage and a negative lens system second stage. The third embodiment is either a Keplerian or Galilean telescope lens alone. The fourth embodiment replaces the single second lens of the first stage with a compound lens system. The fifth embodiment uses a special sphere lens alone.

摘要翻译： 光束偏转器包括赋予小的初始偏转的初始光束偏转器和通过倍增因子增加初始小偏转的光束偏转放大器。 初始光束偏转器有五个实施例。 前四个使用一对透镜和一个固定在一个透镜上的压电致动器。 当平行透镜轴分开一段距离时，入射光束将被偏转一小角度，通常高达约5°。 第五实施例包括一个固定在压电致动器上的镜子，它使镜子倾斜。 光束偏转放大器具有五个实​​施例。 第一个是开普勒式望远镜第一阶段和负透镜系统第二阶段。 第一个是伽利略望远镜第一阶段和负透镜系统第二阶段。 第三个实施例是单独的开普勒或伽利略望远镜。 第四实施例用复合透镜系统代替第一级的单个第二透镜。 第五实施例仅使用特殊的球面透镜。

公开(公告)号：US06415069B1

公开(公告)日：2002-07-02

申请号：US09714333

申请日：2000-11-16

申请人： Yong-Sheng Chao ,  Ying Zhao

发明人： Yong-Sheng Chao ,  Ying Zhao

IPC分类号： G02B626

CPC分类号： G02B6/3578 ,  G02B6/3512 ,  G02B6/3526 ,  G02B6/3546

摘要： An optical switching system employing switching modules. Each module comprises (a) a source channel, (b) a transmitting element, (c) a receiving element, and (d) a destination channel. The transmitting element directs the source channel signal to a destination channel. The transmitting element includes an initial beam deflector and a beam deflection amplifier. The receiving element includes a beam deflection compressor and a beam aligner. One embodiment of the initial deflector is a pair of focusing lenses, one of which is displaced by a piezoelectric actuator. When one lens is displaced a distance d, the output light beam has a deflection angle &agr;=(f1+f2)/f2. The beam deflection amplifier multiplies the small angle &agr; by a transfer function F to result in a beam with a deflection angle F&agr;. The receiving element is the transmitting element in reverse. The first system configuration connects a single channel to one of a number of channels. The second system configuration connects a group of M channels with another group of N channels. The third system configuration cross-connects N channels in an arbitrary manner.

摘要翻译： 一种采用交换模块的光交换系统。 每个模块包括（a）源信道，（b）发射元件，（c）接收元件，和（d）目的信道。 发送元件将源信道信号引导到目的信道。 发射元件包括初始光束偏转器和光束偏转放大器。 接收元件包括光束偏转压缩器和光束对准器。 初始偏转器的一个实施例是一对聚焦透镜，其中一个被压电致动器移位。 当一个透镜移动距离d时，输出光束具有偏转角α=（f1 + f2）/ f2。 光束偏转放大器将小角度α乘以传递函数F以产生具有偏转角度Falpha的光束。 接收元件是相反的发送元件。 第一个系统配置将单个通道连接到多个通道之一。 第二个系统配置将一组M个通道与另一组N个通道相连。 第三个系统配置以任意方式交叉连接N个通道。

公开(公告)号：US6115168A

公开(公告)日：2000-09-05

申请号：US181761

申请日：1998-10-29

申请人： Ying Zhao ,  Yong-Sheng Chao

发明人： Ying Zhao ,  Yong-Sheng Chao

IPC分类号： G02F1/03

CPC分类号： G02F1/0311

摘要： A retroreflecting modulator including a lens, a light guide, a light modulator, and a reflective surface. Incident light falls on the lens, where it is focused as a spot on a focal surface. The light guide transmits the focused light to the light modulator, where it is modulated and reflected back, via the reflective surface and light guide, to the lens. The lens emits the modulated light in the opposite direction as the incident light. The preferred light-receiving and focusing device is a specialty sphere lens, the preferred light guide is a fiber optic plate, and the preferred light modulator is a liquid crystal modulator. The retroreflecting modulator may be spatially-unresolvable, where a single signal modulates the light, or spatially-resolvable, where the modulation signal depends upon the direction of the incident light.

摘要翻译： 一种回射调制器，包括透镜，光导，光调制器和反射表面。 入射光落在透镜上，在焦点表面聚焦成一个点。 光导通过聚焦光将光调制器透过反射表面和光导被调制和反射回到透镜。 透镜以与入射光相反的方向发射调制光。 优选的光接收和聚焦装置是专用球形透镜，优选的光导是光纤板，并且优选的光调制器是液晶调制器。 回射调制器可以在空间上不可解析，其中单个信号调制光或空间可分辨的调制信号取决于入射光的方向。

公开(公告)号：US5648997A

公开(公告)日：1997-07-15

申请号：US580602

申请日：1995-12-29

申请人： Yong-Sheng Chao

发明人： Yong-Sheng Chao

IPC分类号： G01N23/04 ,  A61B6/00 ,  A61B6/03 ,  A61B6/06 ,  G01T1/164 ,  G06T1/00 ,  G06T5/20 ,  G06T11/00 ,  G21K1/02 ,  H05G1/60 ,  H05G1/64

CPC分类号： A61B6/482 ,  A61B6/06 ,  A61B6/4035 ,  A61B6/405 ,  A61B6/4241 ,  G01T1/1648 ,  G06T11/006 ,  G21K1/025 ,  H05G1/60 ,  G06T2211/408

摘要： An apparatus, for producing scatter-free two-dimensional X-ray images and eliminating scattering effects on integrated detector arrays, includes, in physical sequence from front to back, an X-ray source, a front two-dimensional detector positioned behind a subject for detecting both primary and scatter X-rays produced from striking the subject with the source's radiation, a collimator with holes for passing a portion of the primary X-rays, and a rear two-dimensional detector for receiving this portion. A method for producing scatter-free images which includes the steps of; X-raying the subject with high and low energy, retrieving an image pair I.sub.rHl and I.sub.rLl from the rear detector, normalizing and subtracting dark signals from I.sub.rHl and I.sub.rLl to yield an image pair D.sub.rHl and D.sub.rLl, solving D.sub.rHl and D.sub.rLl to determine b and s, retrieving an image I.sub.fh from the front detector, normalizing and subtracting dark signals from I.sub.fh to yield D.sub.fh representing the primary and scatter X-rays sum, determining D.sub.fSl of image D.sub.fh at the detector cells using b and s, interpolating D.sub.fSl for the front detector cells to yield D.sub.fSh, subtracting D.sub.fSh from D.sub.fh to yield D.sub.fPh representing the two-dimensional scatter-free image of the subject.

摘要翻译： 用于产生无散射二维X射线图像并消除对集成检测器阵列的散射效应的装置包括从前到后的物理顺序的X射线源，定位在被摄体后面的前二维检测器 用于检测由源辐射引起的对象产生的原始和散射X射线，具有用于通过一部分X射线的孔的准直器和用于接收该部分的后部二维检测器。 一种用于产生无分散图像的方法，包括以下步骤： 以高能量和低能量X射线对象，从后检测器检索图像对IrH1和IrL1，对来自IrH1和IrL1的暗信号进行归一化和减去以产生图像对DrH1和DrL1，求解DrH1和DrL1以确定b和s 从前端检测器检索图像Ifh，对Ifh的暗信号进行归一化和减去，得到表示主和散射X射线总和的Dfh，使用b和s确定检测器单元处的图像Dfh的DfS1，内插用于前检测器的DfS1 细胞以产生DfSh，从Dfh减去DfSh以产生表示受试者的二维无散射图像的DfPh。

公开(公告)号：US06173034B2

公开(公告)日：2001-01-09

申请号：US09235912

申请日：1999-01-25

申请人： Yong-Sheng Chao

发明人： Yong-Sheng Chao

IPC分类号： A61B604

CPC分类号： A61B6/502 ,  A61B6/4266 ,  A61B6/482

摘要： A method for performing dual-energy x-ray imaging of a human breast including separating the breast image into five basic first order approximation image components: a dual-energy scatter image pair, a lean tissue image, a fat tissue image, and a microcalcification image. In the second order approximation, lean tissue image and fat tissue image are adjusted to correct for the microcalcification component so that each contains only a single breast component. The method also includes a calibration method so that the materials used are the actual breast tissues, instead of merely equivalent materials.

摘要翻译： 一种用于执行人乳房的双能X射线成像的方法，包括将乳房图像分为五个基本一阶近似图像分量：双能量散射图像对，瘦组织图像，脂肪组织图像和微钙化 图片。 在二阶近似中，调整瘦组织图像和脂肪组织图像以校正微钙化组分，使得每个仅包含单个乳房组分。 该方法还包括校准方法，使得所使用的材料是实际的乳房组织，而不仅仅是等同的材料。

公开(公告)号：US6134297A

公开(公告)日：2000-10-17

申请号：US207635

申请日：1998-12-09

申请人： Yong-Sheng Chao

发明人： Yong-Sheng Chao

IPC分类号： A61B6/03 ,  A61B6/06 ,  G21K1/02 ,  H05G1/64

CPC分类号： A61B6/5282 ,  A61B6/032 ,  A61B6/06 ,  A61B6/4241 ,  A61B6/4291 ,  A61B6/482 ,  G21K1/025

摘要： An apparatus and method for removing scatter from x-ray images acquired by two-dimensional digital detectors. The apparatus consists of, in physical order, an x-ray source, a front two-dimensional x-ray detector, a beam selector, and a rear two-dimensional x-ray detector. The subject is located between the x-ray source and front detector. There two types of beam selectors, one allowing only primary x-rays to reach selected locations of the rear detector, and the other allowing primary x-rays and scatter to reach selected locations of the rear detector while allowing only scatter x-rays to reach shadowed locations of the rear detector. The method includes determining a low-resolution primary x-ray rear detector image, calculating an approximate low-resolution primary x-ray front detector image, calculating a high-resolution primary image at the front detector, and applying one or more of several correction procedures for achieving higher accuracy from the approximations.

摘要翻译： 一种用于从由二维数字检测器获取的X射线图像中去除散射的装置和方法。 该装置以物理顺序包括x射线源，前二维X射线检测器，束选择器和后二维X射线检测器。 主体位于X射线源和前端检测器之间。 有两种类型的光束选择器，一种仅允许主X射线到达后检测器的选定位置，另一种允许主x射线和散射到达后检测器的选定位置，同时仅允许散射x射线到达 后检测器的阴影位置。 该方法包括：确定低分辨率初级X射线后检测器图像，计算近似的低分辨率初级X射线前检测器图像，计算前检测器处的​​高分辨率原始图像，以及应用若干校正中的一个或多个 从近似值获得更高精度的程序。

公开(公告)号：US4855930A

公开(公告)日：1989-08-08

申请号：US31288

申请日：1987-03-27

申请人： Yong-Sheng Chao ,  Salvador M. Fernandez ,  Ernest F. Guignon

发明人： Yong-Sheng Chao ,  Salvador M. Fernandez ,  Ernest F. Guignon

IPC分类号： G01N21/64 ,  G01N33/53

CPC分类号： G01N33/5302 ,  G01N21/6408 ,  G01N21/6428 ,  G01N2201/0697

摘要： A method and apparatus for time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy is described in which laser light from a single pulse is used to excite fluorescent photons in a sample, which fluorescence is detected by a PMT optimized for linearity and response time to produce photoelectrons which generate a current at the PMT anode. This current is discharged through an R/C network to produce a voltage amplitude waveform which is converted to an optical image, intensified, stored and digitized. The digitized version of the optical image is processed in a data processor to calculate the true fluorescence impulse response.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于时间分辨荧光光谱的方法和装置，其中使用来自单个脉冲的激光来激发样品中的荧光光子，该荧光由针对线性和响应时间优化的PMT检测以产生产生电流的光电子 在PMT阳极。 该电流通过R / C网络放电，产生电压幅度波形，转换为光学图像，增强，存储和数字化。 数字化版本的光学图像在数据处理器中进行处理，以计算真实的荧光脉冲响应。

公开(公告)号：US06744551B1

公开(公告)日：2004-06-01

申请号：US10269230

申请日：2002-10-11

申请人： Yong-Sheng Chao

发明人： Yong-Sheng Chao

IPC分类号： G02B2608

CPC分类号： G02B26/0875

摘要： A method and apparatus for dynamically controlling variation in an attribute of a light beam employing materials with unusually high electrooptical coefficients that are subject to optical damage from the light beam being controlled. The method includes providing a transmission medium composed of a high sensitivity electrooptic material transparent to the light beam and having a nonzero electrooptic coefficient, where the medium is adapted to receive, propagate, and output the light beam. The medium is subjected to an electric field, the strength of which is controlled to determine the amount of variation of the light beam attribute. The field is generated by electrodes appropriately enclosing the medium and inducing a voltage across the electrodes. The medium is illuminated by a suppressing light source, the illumination being intense enough to significantly reduce charge distribution inhomogeneity within the medium. The intensity of the suppressing illumination is at least twice the intensity of the light beam being controlled.

摘要翻译： 一种用于动态控制光束属性变化的方法和装置，其使用具有异常高的电光系数的材料，所述光电系数受到来自被控制的光束的光学损伤。 该方法包括提供由对光束透明的高灵敏度电光材料组成的传输介质，并具有非零电光系数，其中介质适于接收，传播和输出光束。 该介质经受电场，其强度被控制以确定光束属性的变化量。 该场由适当地包围介质并且在电极两端产生电压的电极产生。 介质被抑制光源照射，照明强度足以显着降低介质内的电荷分布不均匀性。 抑制照明的强度至少是受控光束的强度的两倍。