公开(公告)号：US07095404B2

公开(公告)日：2006-08-22

申请号：US10670479

申请日：2003-09-25

Applicant: Kent D. Vincent ,  R. Stanley Williams ,  Xiao-An Zhang

Inventor： Kent D. Vincent ,  R. Stanley Williams ,  Xiao-An Zhang

IPC: G09G5/00 ,  G09G3/38

CPC classification number: G06F3/03545

Abstract: An electronic writing instrument for rewritable electronic writing surfaces. A self-powered, untethered, pencil-like instrument uses a perpendicular fringe field for changing the orientation of pixels composed of bistable, bichromal colorant elements. An appendix hereto describes bistable, bichromal, molecular colorant.

Abstract translation: 一种用于可重写电子书写表面的电子书写工具。 自动供电的，无铅的，铅笔般的仪器使用垂直条纹场来改变由双稳态色度元件组成的像素的取向。 其中附录描述双稳态，双色，分子着色剂。

公开(公告)号：US06937357B1

公开(公告)日：2005-08-30

申请号：US10016560

申请日：2001-10-30

Applicant: Kent D. Vincent ,  R. Stanley Williams ,  Xiao-An Zhang

Inventor： Kent D. Vincent ,  R. Stanley Williams ,  Xiao-An Zhang

IPC: G02F1/15 ,  B41J3/36 ,  B41J3/407 ,  G06F15/00

CPC classification number: B41J3/4076 ,  B41J3/36

Abstract: The present invention provides a printer and media solution that is conducive to briefcase-compatible compactness, battery operation, and media reuse. The printer consists of a low power, electrode array that images the surface of a paper-like, rewritable sheet. The sheet is responsive to pixel-sized electric fields produced by each electrode, resulting in a pixel array that is imaged in response to field polarity. The sheet is coated with a rewritable colorant that is a highly energy efficient, bistable, bi-modal molecular layer, requiring energy only to change an image, not to hold or illuminate it.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种有利于公文包兼容的紧凑性，电池操作和媒体再利用的打印机和媒体解决方案。 打印机由低功率电极阵列组成，可以对纸张，可重写片材的表面进行成像。 片材响应于由每个电极产生的像素尺寸的电场，导致响应于场极性成像的像素阵列。 该片材涂覆有可重写的着色剂，其是高能量，双稳态，双分子分子层，仅需要能量来改变图像，而不是保持或照亮它。

公开(公告)号：US06763158B1

公开(公告)日：2004-07-13

申请号：US09844862

申请日：2001-04-27

Applicant: Xiao-An Zhang ,  R. Stanley Williams ,  Kent D. Vincent

Inventor： Xiao-An Zhang ,  R. Stanley Williams ,  Kent D. Vincent

IPC: G02B626

CPC classification number: G11C13/02 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  G02B26/026 ,  G02F1/061 ,  G02F1/15 ,  G02F1/174 ,  G11C13/0014 ,  G11C13/04 ,  G11C23/00 ,  G11C2213/14 ,  G11C2213/77 ,  G11C2213/81

Abstract: Molecular systems are provided for electric field activated switches, such as optical switches. The molecular system has an electric field induced band gap change that occurs via one of the following mechanisms: (1) molecular conformation change; (2) change of extended conjugation via chemical bonding change to change the band gap; or (3) molecular folding or stretching. Nanometer-scale reversible optical switches are thus provided that can be assembled easily to make a variety of optical devices, including optical displays.

Abstract translation: 为电场激活开关（如光开关）提供分子系统。 分子系统具有通过以下机制之一发生的电场诱导的带隙变化：（1）分子构象变化; （2）通过化学键改变扩展共轭的变化来改变带隙; 或（3）分子折叠或拉伸。 因此，提供了能够容易地组装以制造包括光学显示器在内的各种光学装置的纳米级的可逆光学开关。

公开(公告)号：US06549998B1

公开(公告)日：2003-04-15

申请号：US09483574

申请日：2000-01-14

Applicant: Steven P. Pekarich ,  Xiao-An Wang

Inventor： Steven P. Pekarich ,  Xiao-An Wang

IPC: G06F1202

CPC classification number: G06F9/345

Abstract: An interleaver generates a valid interleaved data address for each iteration i of the mapping by the interleaver without employing a multiplication operation. The interleaver includes an address generator comprises two counters, bit-reverse and index tables, and an accumulation register array. The interleaver further comprises two adders, two registers storing tentative address values addressi and addressi+1, and select logic including a comparator, two buffers, and a multiplexer (mux). Two counters are employed to allow the interleaver to generate at least one valid address for each iteration, and a tentative address is generated from each output value of the two counters. Each iteration generates an output interleaved address. A tentative address is generated by using a portion of the counter value as an address to select a corresponding entry from each of the bit-reverse and index tables and the accumulation register array. The selected values from the index table and accumulation register array are combined in an adder. The value selected from the bit-reverse table is appended to the combination of the selected values from the index table and accumulation register array to form the tentative address. The tentative address generated from the first counter value is compared with a threshold value, and, based on the comparison, one of the two tentative addresses is selected as the output interleaved address. Before beginning the next iteration, the accumulated value used in generating the valid output interleaved address is updated to a new accumulated value. If not all output interleaved addresses have been generated, the counters are incremented by the same increment value, the increment value dependent upon the comparison with the threshold value, and the next iteration begins.

Abstract translation: 交织器对于交织器的映射的每个迭代i生成有效的交织数据地址，而不采用乘法运算。 交织器包括地址发生器，包括两个计数器，位反向和索引表以及累加寄存器阵列。 交织器还包括两个加法器，存储暂定地址值addressi和addressi + 1的两个寄存器，以及包括比较器，两个缓冲器和多路复用器（多路复用器）的选择逻辑。 采用两个计数器来允许交织器为每次迭代生成至少一个有效地址，并且从两个计数器的每个输出值产生暂定地址。 每次迭代都会产生一个输出交错地址。 通过使用计数器值的一部分作为地址来生成暂定地址，以从每个比特反向索引表和累加寄存器阵列中选择相应条目。 来自索引表和累加寄存器阵列的选择值在加法器中组合。 从位反转表中选择的值被附加到来自索引表和累加寄存器阵列的所选值的组合以形成暂定地址。 将从第一计数器值生成的暂定地址与阈值进行比较，并且基于比较，选择两个暂时地址中的一个作为输出交织地址。 在开始下一次迭代之前，用于产生有效输出交错地址的累加值被更新为新的累积值。 如果不是全部输出交错地址已经被生成，则计数器递增相同的增量值，增量值取决于与阈值的比较，并且下一次迭代开始。

公开(公告)号：US06266331B1

公开(公告)日：2001-07-24

申请号：US09108429

申请日：1998-07-01

Applicant: Thomas W. Baker ,  Richard A. Cesari ,  Xiao-An Wang

Inventor： Thomas W. Baker ,  Richard A. Cesari ,  Xiao-An Wang

IPC: H04B7216

CPC classification number: H04J13/10 ,  H04B1/707

Abstract: The present invention discloses a device for generating multiple spreading sequences efficiently. In a preferred embodiment, the eight different spreading sequences are generated in parallel. In this embodiment, the spreading sequence generator comprises a master sequence generator and eight secondary sequence generators. The spreading sequence generator also comprises eight different modulo-2 adders which are used for generating parity check sum outputs. The master sequence generator is responsible for creating a master output from the first subgroup. The secondary sequence generators create eight different secondary outputs. Each of the secondary outputs is combined with the master output through one of the eight modulo-2 adders to create eight different spreading sequences. In an alternative embodiment, the principles of the present invention may be used to generate such spreading sequences in a sequential manner. Both embodiments provide efficiency and power savings over the prior art method and apparatus.

Abstract translation: 本发明公开了一种有效产生多个扩展序列的装置。在一个优选实施例中，八个不同的扩频序列是并行产生的。 在该实施例中，扩展序列发生器包括主序列发生器和八个二次序发生器。 扩展序列发生器还包括八个不同的模2加法器，用于产生奇偶校验和输出。主序列发生器负责从第一子组创建主输出。 二次序发生器产生八个不同的二次输出。 每个次级输出通过八个模2加法器之一与主输出组合，以产生八个不同的扩展序列。在替代实施例中，本发明的原理可以用于按顺序生成这样的扩展序列 。 两个实施例相对于现有技术的方法和装置提供效率和功率节省。

公开(公告)号：US5381362A

公开(公告)日：1995-01-10

申请号：US100600

申请日：1993-07-30

Applicant: Xiao An Shen ,  Yu Sheng Bai ,  Eric M. Pearson

Inventor： Xiao An Shen ,  Yu Sheng Bai ,  Eric M. Pearson

IPC: G01S7/292 ,  G01S7/40 ,  G01S7/497 ,  G01S13/90 ,  G01S15/89 ,  G02B6/28 ,  G06G7/02 ,  G06E3/00

CPC classification number: G01S7/292 ,  G01S13/9005 ,  G01S15/8968 ,  G01S7/40 ,  G01S7/497 ,  G02B6/2861

Abstract: A high-speed, high-throughput matched optical filter for processing data that allows for rapid reprogramming to change the reference signal or signals. A coherent time-domain optical memory system includes a coherent time-domain optical storage material (18) and a laser (16) for providing pulses of optical radiation in coherent time-domain optical storage relation with the storage material. One or more reference signals are first stored in the material by modulating one or more of the laser pulses with the reference signals and writing these pulses on the storage material (18) in close succession with their associated write pulses as is customary in coherent time-domain optical memories. The reference signals are phase encoded before they are stored. Another laser pulse modulated with the signal to be processed is then applied to the storage material. The echo signal induced by this signal pulse takes the form of the correlation of the reference pulse with the signal pulse. The use of phase encoded reference signals and a similarly phase encoded signal under analysis greatly enhances the ratio of the main peak to the side lobes in the echo signal when a match occurs. This greatly enhances the ability to detect a match. A plurality of reference signals may be stored in different spatial regions of the storage material (18). A lens assembly (23) is provided to expand the laser pulse modulated with the signal under analysis to cover all the spatial regions storing reference signals. In this manner a comparison may be performed simultaneously with all spatial regions. The echo signal will exhibit a strong correlation in that portion of the signal corresponding to the address of the matched reference signal.

Abstract translation: 用于处理数据的高速，高通量匹配光学滤波器，允许快速重新编程以更改参考信号或信号。 相干时域光学存储器系统包括相干时域光学存储材料（18）和激光器（16），用于提供与存储材料相干的时域光学存储关系的光学辐射脉冲。 首先通过用参考信号调制一个或多个激光脉冲来将一个或多个参考信号存储在材料中，并且将这些脉冲与其相关联的写入脉冲紧密连续地写入存储材料（18），如通常在相干时间 - 域光学存储器。 参考信号在存储之前进行相位编码。 然后将待处理信号调制的另一激光脉冲施加到存储材料。 由该信号脉冲引起的回波信号采用参考脉冲与信号脉冲相关的形式。 使用相位编码的参考信号和被分析的类似的相位编码信号，当发生匹配时，大大增强了回波信号中的主峰与旁瓣的比率。 这大大增强了检测匹配的能力。 多个参考信号可以存储在存储材料（18）的不同空间区域中。 提供了一种透镜组件（23），用于扩展被分析信号调制的激光脉冲，以覆盖存储参考信号的所有空间区域。 以这种方式，可以与所有空间区域同时进行比较。 回波信号将在对应于匹配参考信号的地址的信号部分中呈现强相关性。

公开(公告)号：US10341143B2

公开(公告)日：2019-07-02

申请号：US15394805

申请日：2016-12-29

Applicant: Xiao-an Wang

Inventor： Xiao-an Wang

IPC: H04L25/02

Abstract: Methods and apparatus of channel estimation using time-domain parameter extraction are disclosed. The wireless channel can be modeled by a multipath model with a limited number of parameters in the continuous time domain. Extracting the time-domain parameters and then reconstructing the channel yields channel estimates that have better accuracy. Time-domain parameter extraction also has lower computational complexity than existing methods.

公开(公告)号：US09106259B2

公开(公告)日：2015-08-11

申请号：US13546180

申请日：2012-07-11

Applicant: Xiao-an Wang ,  Jens Berkmann

Inventor： Xiao-an Wang ,  Jens Berkmann

IPC: G06F11/10 ,  H03M13/00 ,  H03M13/09

CPC classification number: H03M13/091

Abstract: A description is given of an apparatus that includes a division unit configured to receive a data stream and to divide the received data stream into a plurality of data segments. The apparatus further includes a plurality of first CRC check units, wherein each of the first CRC check units is configured to perform a first CRC check of a respective one of the plurality of data segments, the plurality of first CRC checks being performed concurrently, and wherein each of the first CRC check units is configured to perform a second CRC check based on an output of the respective first CRC check unit.

Abstract translation: 给出了一种包括被配置为接收数据流并将接收的数据流划分成多个数据段的分割单元的装置的描述。 该装置还包括多个第一CRC校验单元，其中第一CRC校验单元中的每一个被配置为执行多个数据段中的相应一个数据段的第一CRC校验，多个第一CRC校验同时执行，以及 其中，所述第一CRC校验单元中的每一个被配置为基于相应的第一CRC校验单元的输出执行第二CRC校验。

公开(公告)号：US09031169B2

公开(公告)日：2015-05-12

申请号：US13769250

申请日：2013-02-15

Applicant: Xiao-an Wang

Inventor： Xiao-an Wang

IPC: H04L27/06 ,  H04L25/02

CPC classification number: H04L25/0204

Abstract: Most wireless channels are sparse, so sparse channel-based methods can be used for channel estimation and feedback with much better estimation accuracy and much lower feedback overhead. However, certain wireless channels can be non-sparse, for which sparse channel-based methods may cause degraded estimation quality and increased feedback overhead. Means of detecting the channel sparseness are described that provide simple and effective channel sparseness indicators and safeguard against the mismatch between non-sparse channels and sparse channel-based methods. Various fallback options can be used under non-sparse channels such that estimation degradation and feedback overhead are both minimized. Fake multipath removal in continuous time-domain parameter extraction, a sparse channel-based method, is also described that further improves estimation quality and reduces feedback overhead.

Abstract translation: 大多数无线信道是稀疏的，因此基于信道的稀疏方法可以用于信道估计和反馈，具有更好的估计精度和更低的反馈开销。 然而，某些无线信道可以是非稀疏的，对于这些信道，基于信道的稀疏方法可能导致估计质量下降和增加的反馈开销。 描述了检测通道稀疏度的手段，其提供简单有效的信道稀疏指示符，并且防止非稀疏信道与基于信道的稀疏信道之间的不匹配。 可以在非稀疏信道下使用各种备用选项，从而将估计降级和反馈开销都最小化。 还描述了连续时域参数提取中的虚拟多径去除，这是一种基于稀疏信道的方法，可进一步提高估计质量并降低反馈开销。

公开(公告)号：US08908587B2

公开(公告)日：2014-12-09

申请号：US13419592

申请日：2012-03-14

Applicant: Xiao-an Wang

Inventor： Xiao-an Wang

IPC: H04H20/71 ,  H04W72/00 ,  H04L5/00

CPC classification number: H04W72/005 ,  H04L5/00 ,  H04L5/0023 ,  H04L5/0035 ,  H04L5/0048 ,  H04L25/022 ,  H04L25/0224

Abstract: Methods and apparatus of channel feedback are disclosed. In OFDM systems, the channel is acquired in the frequency domain. A generic multipath model for wireless channels, however, reveals that the time-domain parameters of the channel require much smaller data than the frequency-domain representation of the channel. Means to extracting the time-domain parameters from the frequency-domain channel samples are described for both the continuous time domain and the discrete time domain. Refinements of the time-domain parameters via minimizing a frequency-domain matching error are also described, which further improve the quality of the channel feedback and reduce the feedback overhead. Channel feedback with the time-domain parameters requires only a small fraction of the feedback overhead that is needed by existing channel feedback schemes, and maintains consistently superior performances over wireless channels of various delay spreads, short or long.

Abstract translation: 公开了信道反馈的方法和装置。 在OFDM系统中，在频域中获取信道。 然而，用于无线信道的通用多径模型揭示了信道的时域参数需要比信道的频域表示少得多的数据。 对于连续时域和离散时域都描述了从频域信道样本中提取时域参数的手段。 还描述了通过最小化频域匹配误差来改进时域参数，这进一步提高了信道反馈的质量并减少了反馈开销。 具有时域参数的信道反馈仅需要现有信道反馈方案所需的反馈开销的一小部分，并且在短时间或长的各种延迟传播的无线信道上保持一致的优异性能。