公开(公告)号：US5563411A

公开(公告)日：1996-10-08

申请号：US451052

申请日：1995-05-25

Applicant: Shintaro Kawata ,  Keitaro Hara

Inventor： Shintaro Kawata ,  Keitaro Hara

IPC: G01N23/227 ,  G01Q30/02 ,  G01Q30/12 ,  H01J37/285 ,  H01J47/02 ,  G01N23/22

CPC classification number: H01J47/02 ,  G01N23/2273 ,  H01J37/285

Abstract: A scanning photoelectron microscope comprises a stage on which a sample is placed in a state in which gas around the sample is present, a light source emitting light of a wavelength capable of causing photoelectrons to be emitted from the sample, an optical system for condensing the light from the light source on the sample, scanning means for scanning the sample and the light relative to each other, and detecting means capable of applying positive potential to the sample, and detecting the photoelectrons created from the sample by the condensing, through the gas.

公开(公告)号：US5430299A

公开(公告)日：1995-07-04

申请号：US211678

申请日：1994-04-12

Applicant: James E. Bateman ,  Richard Stephenson

Inventor： James E. Bateman ,  Richard Stephenson

IPC: G01T1/161 ,  G01T1/20 ,  G01T1/29 ,  H01J47/02 ,  H01J47/06 ,  H01L31/09 ,  G01T1/202 ,  G01T1/185

CPC classification number: G01T1/2935 ,  H01J47/02 ,  H01J47/062

Abstract: A PET radiation detector includes a pair of amplifying gaps 3,21 to enhance the electron yield from a TMAE gas, BaF.sub.2 gamma detector, together with a gate electrode 17 to inhibit passage of charge to the detector electrodes and reverse passage of ions to the crystal. A further reverse-biased gap may be positioned adjacent the crystal to prevent charge build-up thereon. Shield electrodes 23,25 prevent gate switching signals causing spurious responses in the detector circuit.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / GB92 / 01941 Sec。 371日期1994年04月12日 102（e）日期1994年4月12日PCT提交1992年10月22日PCT公布。 出版物WO93 / 08484 日期：1999年04月29日。一种PET辐射检测器包括一对放大间隙3,21，以增强来自TMAE气体BaF2γ检测器的电子产量以及栅极电极17，以阻止电荷通过检测器电极， 离子反向通过晶体。 可以将另外的反向偏压间隙定位成与晶体相邻，以防止电荷在其上积聚。 屏蔽电极23,25防止门开关信号在检测器电路中引起寄生响应。

公开(公告)号：US5340989A

公开(公告)日：1994-08-23

申请号：US982690

申请日：1992-11-30

Applicant: Fritz Berthold ,  Manfred Pfleger

Inventor： Fritz Berthold ,  Manfred Pfleger

IPC: G01T1/18 ,  H01J47/02 ,  G01T1/185

CPC classification number: G01T1/18 ,  H01J47/02

Abstract: A counting tube for detecting radioactive radiation exclusively uses cathode pads for signal detection, which are disposed electrically insulated on the interior of an inner wall of the counting tube housing opposite the sample. A discrete electronic evaluation element is preferably allocated to each cathode element, which makes possible parallel evaluation of the counting tube signal. The cathode pads are in particular laminated in the form of a metal-coated conductive surface on a support plate made of an insulating material. The field of application of such counting tubes with the exclusive use of cathode pads is in particular in connection with multiple counting tubes where the partial areas of a total area to be measured are intended to be individually detected and evaluated.

Abstract translation: 用于检测放射性辐射的计数器专门使用用于信号检测的阴极焊盘，其在与样品相对的计数管壳体的内壁的内部电绝缘。 优选地将分立的电子评估元件分配给每个阴极元件，这使得可以并行评估计数管信号。 阴极焊盘特别是在由绝缘材料制成的支撑板上以金属涂覆的导电表面的形式层压。 专门使用阴极焊盘的这种计数管的应用领域特别地与多个计数管连接，其中要测量的总区域的部分区域旨在被单独检测和评估。

公开(公告)号：US5319193A

公开(公告)日：1994-06-07

申请号：US923981

申请日：1992-09-14

Applicant: Tony W. J. Rogers ,  Carol D. Daniel ,  Andrew Holmes-Siedle

Inventor： Tony W. J. Rogers ,  Carol D. Daniel ,  Andrew Holmes-Siedle

IPC: H01J47/02 ,  H01J40/14

CPC classification number: H01J47/02

Abstract: A light-activated transducer includes a transparent electrically-insulating substrate (2) having on one surface an electrode structure. The electrode structure includes an electrode portion (5a) containing an aperture for passage therethrough of light which has passed through the substrate, a contact pad (5c) spaced from the electrode portion, and an electrical feedthrough (5b) connecting the electrode portion to the contact pad. An insulator layer (3) is adhered to the surface of the substrate and on the feedthrough, and surrounds the electrode portion while leaving uncovered the contact pad and the electrode portion and a corresponding region of the substrate. A conductive or semiconductive cover sheet (1) is adhered to the insulator layer and supported thereby in spaced overlying relationship with the electrode portion and the corresponding region of the substrate. The, cover sheet, insulator layer, and the substrate form a cavity that, when sealed, contains an ionisable gaseous filling.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / GB91 / 00485 Sec。 371日期：1992年9月14日 102（e）日期1992年9月14日PCT 1991年3月28日PCT公布。 公开号WO91 / 15028 日期：1991年10月3日。光激发换能器包括在一个表面上具有电极结构的透明电绝缘基底（2）。 电极结构包括电极部分（5a），该电极部分（5a）包含穿过基板的光通过的孔，与电极部分间隔开的接触焊盘（5c）和将电极部分连接到电极部分 接触垫 绝缘体层（3）粘附到基板的表面和馈通上，并且在不覆盖接触焊盘和电极部分以及基板的对应区域的同时围绕电极部分。 导电或半导电覆盖片（1）粘附到绝缘体层并且由此以与电极部分和基板的相应区域间隔的重叠关系来支撑。 覆盖片，绝缘体层和基底形成空腔，当密封时，其包含可离子化的气态填充物。

公开(公告)号：US5308987A

公开(公告)日：1994-05-03

申请号：US11637

申请日：1993-02-01

Applicant: Craig R. Wuest ,  Richard M. Bionta ,  Elden Ables

Inventor： Craig R. Wuest ,  Richard M. Bionta ,  Elden Ables

IPC: G01T1/29 ,  H01J47/02 ,  H01J47/10

CPC classification number: H01J47/02 ,  G01T1/2935

Abstract: An x-ray detector which provides for the conversion of x-ray photons into photoelectrons and subsequent amplification of these photoelectrons through the generation of electron avalanches in a thin gas-filled region subject to a high electric potential. The detector comprises a cathode (photocathode) and an anode separated by the thin, gas-filled region. The cathode may comprise a substrate, such a beryllium, coated with a layer of high atomic number material, such as gold, while the anode can be a single conducting plane of material, such as gold, or a plane of resistive material, such as chromium/silicon monoxide, or multiple areas of conductive or resistive material, mounted on a substrate composed of glass, plastic or ceramic. The charge collected from each electron avalanche by the anode is passed through processing electronics to a point of use, such as an oscilloscope.

Abstract translation: 一种X射线检测器，其提供将X射线光子转换成光电子，并且随后通过在具有高电位的薄气体填充区域中产生电子雪崩而随后放大这些光电子。 检测器包括阴极（光电阴极）和由薄的气体填充区分隔的阳极。 阴极可以包括涂覆有诸如金的高原子序列材料层的基底，诸如铍，而阳极可以是诸如金的单一导电平面或电阻材料的平面，例如 铬/一氧化硅或导电或电阻材料的多个区域，安装在由玻璃，塑料或陶瓷组成的基底上。 由阳极从每个电子雪崩收集的电荷通过处理电子器件传递到诸如示波器的使用点。

公开(公告)号：US5138168A

公开(公告)日：1992-08-11

申请号：US634116

申请日：1991-02-28

Applicant: Alan P. Jeavons

Inventor： Alan P. Jeavons

IPC: G01T1/185 ,  G01T1/29 ,  H01J47/02

CPC classification number: G01T1/2942 ,  G01T1/185 ,  H01J47/02

Abstract: Apparatus and method for quantitative autoradiography analysis involving beta-ray radiation comprises a converter 2 and wire chamber 3 in association with a membrane which provides a seal for the housing in which the converter and wire chamber are accommodated, the membrane also providing a "window" for the radioactive samples.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / GB89 / 00760 Sec。 371日期1991年2月28日 102（e）日期1991年2月28日PCT提交1989年7月6日PCT公布。 公开号WO90 / 00747 日期为1990年1月25日。涉及β射线辐射的定量放射自显影分析的装置和方法包括与膜相关联的转换器2和线室3，所述膜为容纳转换器和线室的壳体提供密封， 膜还为放射性样品提供了“窗口”。

公开(公告)号：US5051592A

公开(公告)日：1991-09-24

申请号：US515865

申请日：1990-04-27

Applicant: Jacques Trotel

Inventor： Jacques Trotel

IPC: G01T1/29 ,  H01J47/02

CPC classification number: G01T1/2935 ,  H01J47/02

Abstract: The invention relates to detectors of ionizing radiation which use a photoconductor as the detecting element. The invention lies in an electrode moving in a direction OX through a photoconductive medium disposed between two grids of electrodes extending parallel to OX. During the irradiation time, the grid electrodes of one grid are raised to a positive potential relative to the electrodes of the other grid and electrons and positive ions are created in the photoconductor. The electrons are removed by maintaining the positive potential on the electrodes of said one grid for a period of time longer than the irradiation. During displacement of said moving electrode, only the positive ions give rise to current in the electrodes. The invention is applicable to radiotherapy and radiography.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及使用光电导体作为检测元件的电离辐射检测器。 本发明在于通过设置在两个平行于OX的电极格栅之间的光导介质在OX方向上移动的电极。 在照射时间期间，一个栅格的栅格电极相对于另一个栅极的电极升高到正电位，并且在感光体中产生电子和正离子。 通过将所述一个栅格的电极上的正电位保持比照射更长的时间来去除电子。 在移动电极的位移期间，只有正离子在电极中产生电流。 本发明适用于放射治疗和放射摄影。

公开(公告)号：US5038043A

公开(公告)日：1991-08-06

申请号：US426389

申请日：1989-10-25

Applicant: Irene Dorion ,  Mario Ruscev ,  Serge Maitrejean

Inventor： Irene Dorion ,  Mario Ruscev ,  Serge Maitrejean

IPC: G01T3/00 ,  G01T1/29 ,  G01T3/02 ,  G01T3/08 ,  H01J47/02 ,  H01J47/06 ,  H01J47/12 ,  H01L31/0224

CPC classification number: H01J47/062 ,  G01T1/2935 ,  H01J47/02

Abstract: The invention relates to a neutral particle detector for providing one-dimensional analysis of a flux (14) of neutral particles which reach it in a sheet. The detector comprises a solid plane converter (17) disposed at a grazing incidence, a grid of charge amplifying wires (18) making use of stimulated ionization of a gas, and charge collecting tracks (19). The tracks are disposed in the immediate proximity of the converter and are subjected to the same electrical potential as the converter. The invention is applicable to imaging.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种中性粒子检测器，用于提供在片材中到达其的中性粒子通量（14）的一维分析。 检测器包括以掠入射设置的固体平面转换器（17），利用气体的受激电离的电荷放大电线（18）和电荷收集轨道（19）。 轨道设置在转换器的紧邻附近，并经受与转换器相同的电位。 本发明适用于成像。

公开(公告)号：US5003177A

公开(公告)日：1991-03-26

申请号：US406346

申请日：1989-09-13

Applicant: Fred Hornstra

Inventor： Fred Hornstra

IPC: H01J47/02

CPC classification number: H01J47/02

Abstract: The invention relates to a coaxial cable for use as an ionization chamber with an inner signal electrode (1) and an outer high-voltage electrode (2), surrounding the latter, which are held at a distance from each other by an insulator (3). The insulator (3) contains as an integral part a secreening electrode (4) which prevents leakage currents from flowing from the high-voltage electrode (2) to the signal electrode (1).

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用作电离室的同轴电缆，其具有内部信号电极（1）和外部高压电极（2），所述内部信号电极（1）和外部高压电极（2）围绕所述内部信号电极和外部高压电极（2）通过绝缘体（3）彼此保持一定距离 ）。 绝缘体（3）作为整体部分包含防止漏电流从高压电极（2）流向信号电极（1）的断丝电极（4）。

公开(公告)号：US4764679A

公开(公告)日：1988-08-16

申请号：US895725

申请日：1986-08-12

Applicant: David L. McDaniel ,  Paul R. Granfors ,  David M. Hoffman

Inventor： David L. McDaniel ,  Paul R. Granfors ,  David M. Hoffman

IPC: A61B6/00 ,  G01T1/185 ,  H01J47/02 ,  H01J47/00

CPC classification number: H01J47/02

Abstract: Quantum detection efficiency and spatial resolution in a kinestatic charge detector are improved by utilization of an x-ray transmissive device positioned within a collection volume of a kinestatic charge detector x-ray detection chamber for displacing the charge carrier generating medium within predetermined areas of the chamber. Within the chamber, quantum detection efficiency and spatial resolution are affected by distortion in electric field lines existing between a high voltage anode and a relatively low voltage collector electrode. The distorted field lines cause charge carriers generated in the medium by impinging radiation to impact on either the walls of the chamber or to follow non-linear paths between the point of creation and the collection electrode. By displacing the medium in the chamber in areas having the greatest electric field distortion, the quantum detection efficiency and spatial resolution are improved. In one embodiment an x-ray transmissive device is placed in the chamber adjacent an x-ray emitting window and has a portion extending partially into the space between the anode and collector electrode. In another embodiment, an additional device is positioned in the chamber adjacent a rear wall thereof for displacing the medium in the rear portion of the chamber.

Abstract translation: 通过利用位于感性电荷检测器x射线检测室的收集体积内的x射线透射装置来改善活性电荷检测器中的量子检测效率和空间分辨率，用于将电荷载体产生介质置于腔室的预定区域内 。 在室内，量子检测效率和空间分辨率受到存在于高压阳极和相对低压集电极之间的电场线的失真的影响。 畸变的场线引起在介质中产生的电荷载体，通过冲击辐射来冲击室的壁或者沿着创建点和收集电极之间的非线性路径。 通过在具有最大电场失真的区域中移动腔室中的介质，提高了量子检测效率和空间分辨率。 在一个实施例中，x射线透射装置被放置在邻近X射线发射窗口的腔室中，并且具有部分地延伸到阳极和集电极之间的空间的部分。 在另一个实施例中，附加装置邻近其后壁定位在腔室中，用于移动腔室后部的介质。