摘要:
A variable resistance element is configured to be provided with a perovskite-type oxide between a first electrode and a second electrode, of which electric resistance between the first electrode and the second electrode is changed by applying a voltage pulse of a predetermined polarity between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the variable resistance element has a resistance hysteresis characteristic, in which a changing rate of a resistance value is changed from positive to negative with respect to increase of a cumulative pulse applying time in the application of the voltage pulse. The voltage pulse is applied to the variable resistance element so that the cumulative pulse applying time is not longer than a specific cumulative pulse applying time, in which the changing rate of the, resistance value is changed from positive to negative with respect to increase of the cumulative pulse applying time in the resistance hysteresis characteristic.
摘要:
In drying a coating liquid such as a resist applied to a substrate under reduced pressure, a coating film in a peripheral portion tends to lose good shape regardless of duration of a drying period, and it is difficult to set an appropriate exhaust flow rate. After the substrate is loaded in an airtight container, a pressure is reduced from atmospheric pressure to a pressure slightly higher than the vapor pressure of a solvent, for example. Then, the solvent actively evaporates from the coating liquid. Here, evacuation is performed initially based on a first flow rate set value Q1, and thereafter, it is performed based on a second flow rate set value larger than Q1. Rounding of the surface in the peripheral portion is corrected by evacuation based on Q1, and more active evaporation of a solvent component is attained by switching to Q2.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes an image carrying member, an image forming mechanism, an optical sensor, and a controller. The image forming mechanism performs an image forming operation for forming a reference toner image on the image carrying member under a specific setting associated with the image forming mechanism. The optical sensor is arranged in a vicinity to the image carrying member. The controller performs an optical toner test for checking, by using the optical sensor, optical characteristics of the reference toner image formed on the image carrying member and to adjust the specific setting based on a result of the optical toner test.
摘要:
An image forming method and apparatus capable of implementing accurately and constantly an improved conversion of the amount of toner adhesion over the entire range of the amount of adhesion. The method includes the steps of computing a normalization value as a relative output ratio of the regular reflection output to a background regular reflection component from the surface extracted from the regular reflection light, in which the regular reflection output is obtained by detecting a plurality of gradation toner patterns with a sensor configured to simultaneously detect regular reflection light and diffuse reflection light; obtaining a diffuse reflection output conversion factor by either (1) subtracting the normalization value multiplied by the diffuse reflection output voltage generated by the surface from the diffuse reflection output voltage, or (2) subtracting the normalization value multiplied by a diffuse reflection output voltage increment, which is computed as the difference between the diffuse reflection output voltage and another diffuse reflection output voltage obtained when a light emitting device is turned off, from the diffuse reflection output voltage increment; and subjecting the relation between the diffuse reflection output conversion factor and the amount of adhesion to a polynomial approximation.
摘要:
An audio reproducing apparatus for reproducing audio signals of two or more channels including at least a left-channel audio signal and a right-channel audio signal, including: a mixing section, first to fourth delay sections for delaying an audio signal by a predetermined time, for supply to front left, front right, rear left, rear right speakers; wherein the center speaker is disposed frontward of the front left speaker and the front right speaker; the front left speaker and the front right speaker are disposed approximately symmetrical with respect to a centerline passing through the center speaker, at a first distance from the center speaker; and the rear left speaker and the rear right speaker are disposed approximately symmetrical with respect to the centerline at a second distance larger than the first distance, from the center speaker.
摘要:
A header processing unit divides each received packet into a header section and a data section. Adapter memory stores each packet. A packet reassembly processing unit generates a new header, based on the header section of each of the plurality of packets and notifies a host computer of the new header and a plurality of pieces of location information indicating the storage position of each of a plurality of data sections stored in the adapter memory. A DMA control unit reads the plurality of data sections from the adapter memory, according to a transfer instruction generated in the host computer, using the location information and transfers it to the host computer.
摘要:
An optical switch changes over transmission paths of an optical signal by a refractive index change. The optical switch has an optical waveguide layer having an optical waveguide whose output path of an optical signal branches into two, and reflection diffusing ditches which are provided in a portion outside the optical waveguide in the optical waveguide layer, wherein the portion is closed to a branch portion of the optical waveguides. The reflection diffusing ditches extend in a direction crossing a traveling direction of the optical signal.
摘要:
A microreactor has a plurality of flow channels and a joint flow channel where the plurality of flow channels are joined. Fluids flowing through the plurality of flow channels join in the joint flow channel to react with each other. The microreactor further has an ultrasonic wave oscillation section which applies an ultrasonic wave to the joint flow channel.
摘要:
An inspection apparatus inspects an inspected object based on a waveform quality of a signal that the inspected object outputs. The inspection apparatus has a power supply section which outputs a control signal that controls an output of the inspected object, a waveform measuring section which measures the signal that the inspected object outputs to generate a waveform image, an analyzing section which derives a value indicating a waveform quality from the waveform image that the waveform measuring section measures, a deciding section which decides whether or not the value derived by the analyzing section satisfies a target value, and an optimizing section which changes a set value of the control signal that the power supply section outputs, based on a decision result of the deciding section.
摘要:
A device for detecting image information includes an intermediate transfer member configured to hold a pattern image; a detecting unit configured to optically detect the pattern image; a secondary transfer unit configured to contact with and separate from the intermediate transfer member; and a control unit that controls the secondary transfer unit in such a manner that the secondary transfer unit does not contact the intermediate transfer member while the detecting unit is detecting the pattern image, and that controls the secondary transfer unit in such a manner that the secondary transfer unit contacts the intermediate transfer member after the detecting unit finishes detection of the pattern image.