公开(公告)号：US5567287A

公开(公告)日：1996-10-22

申请号：US495211

申请日：1995-06-27

申请人： Ashok V. Joshi ,  John H. Gordon ,  Yousheng Shen

发明人： Ashok V. Joshi ,  John H. Gordon ,  Yousheng Shen

IPC分类号： A61M5/142 ,  A61M5/148 ,  B01J19/24 ,  B67D7/02 ,  H01M2/10 ,  H01M6/16 ,  H01M6/18 ,  C25B9/00

CPC分类号： B01J19/2475 ,  A61M5/1486 ,  B67D7/0255 ,  H01M2/1022 ,  H01M6/16 ,  H01M6/18 ,  A61M2005/14204 ,  B01J2219/00135 ,  B01J2219/00164

摘要： A self-contained device which continuously dispenses a packaged fluid is disclosed. The device is particularly suited for applications where several months may lapse before performance is manually initiated, after which a consistent steady flow is required for an extended period until the packaged fluid is exhausted. The device is particularly suited for applications where ease of fabrication is important. The device utilizes an electrochemicalIy-generated gas, such as oxygen or nitrogen, to pressurize the packaged fluid to dispense it. Oxygen can be electrochemically released from a solid anode material of the general form AxOy as A ions migrate across a suitable ion-conducting electrolyte. Alternatively, nitrogen can be the pressurizing gas wherein it is electrochemically released from a solid, anode material of the general form A'.sub..alpha. N.sub..beta. where A' is a cation, as A' ions migrate across a suitable ion-conducting electrolyte. At the cathode, several possibilities may occur, either the migrated cations are reduced to their elemental state, or a solid material, R.sub.2, where R is a halogen, is reduced to R.sup.-, or solid material, R', where R' is a group VIB element other than oxygen is reduced to R'.sup.-2, or solid material CR.sub.x, is reduced to C+XR.sup.-. The released gas, oxygen or nitrogen, pressurizes a chamber resulting in fluid contained in a flexible bladder within the chamber to be forced through an outlet. Depending on the selection of anode and cathode materials, the device will be self driven or else will require a battery to provide a driving force.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种连续分配包装流体的独立装置。 该设备特别适用于手动启动性能之前几个月可能失效的应用，之后需要一段稳定的流量，直到包装的流体耗尽。 该器件特别适用于易于制造重要的应用。 该装置利用电化学产生的气体，例如氧气或氮气，对包装的流体进行加压以分配它。 当A离子迁移穿过合适的离子导电电解质时，氧可以从一般形式AxOy的固体阳极材料电化学释放。 或者，氮可以是加压气体，其中当A'离子迁移穿过合适的离子导电电解质时，其通过电化学释放从其中A'为阳离子的一般形式A'αNβ的固体阳极材料释放。 在阴极，可能会发生几种可能的情况，即迁移的阳离子被还原为其元素状态，或固体物质R 2（其中R是卤素）被还原为R-或固体物质R'，其中R'是 氧以外的VIB族元素还原为R'-2，或固体物质CRx还原为C + XR-。 释放的气体，氧气或氮气对腔室加压，导致容纳在腔室内的柔性气囊中的流体被迫通过出口。 根据阳极和阴极材料的选择，器件将自动驱动，否则将需要电池提供驱动力。

公开(公告)号：US5538605A

公开(公告)日：1996-07-23

申请号：US300947

申请日：1994-09-06

申请人： Ashok V. Joshi ,  John H. Gordon

发明人： Ashok V. Joshi ,  John H. Gordon

IPC分类号： A61M5/142 ,  B67D7/72 ,  F16N11/10 ,  C25B9/00 ,  C25B13/08 ,  C25B15/08

CPC分类号： B67D7/72 ,  F16N11/10 ,  A61M2005/14204

摘要： A self-contained, gas-generating electrochemical cell has been invented. The cell contains an anode which is exposed to water or water containing material, a water permeable, ion-conducting separator between the anode from the cathode and a cathode composed of an electrochemically decomposable chemical compound which produces water in the presence of protons and electrons.An exemplary cell contains silver oxide as a principal component of the cathode, water as the principal anode component and a proton conducting membrane. The silver oxide reacts with protons electrically driven through said membrane and electrons from a power-source to form elemental silver and water. Deposition of elemental silver in the cathode compartment is advantageous inasmuch as it improves the electronic conductivity of the material in the cathode compartment. Water, in the anode, decomposes to protons and molecular oxygen while releasing electrons. It is this oxygen which acts as a pressurizing gas to perform some useful work, such as being the motive force to dispense fluids from a fluid-containing bladder to deliver said dispensed fluids to a particular site. The dispensed fluids may have some beneficial property such as medicinal, insecticidal, fragrant or other attributes.

摘要翻译： 已经发明了一种独立的气体发生电化学电池。 电池包含暴露于水或含水材料的阳极，来自阴极的阳极之间的透水离子导电隔板和由在质子和电子存在下产生水的电化学分解化合物组成的阴极。 示例性电池包含氧化银作为阴极的主要成分，水作为主要阳极组分和质子传导膜。 氧化银与通过所述膜电驱动的质子和来自电源的电子反应以形成元素银和水。 阴极室中元素银的沉积是有利的，因为它改善了阴极室中材料的电子导电性。 阳极中的水在释放电子的同时分解成质子和分子氧。 这种氧作为加压气体来执行一些有用的工作，例如作为从含流体的气囊分配流体以将所分配的流体输送到特定位置的动力。 分配的流体可以具有一些有益的性质，例如药用，杀虫，芳香或其他属性。

公开(公告)号：US4879016A

公开(公告)日：1989-11-07

申请号：US156549

申请日：1988-02-16

申请人： Ashok V. Joshi

发明人： Ashok V. Joshi

IPC分类号： C25B1/02 ,  C25B9/06

CPC分类号： C25B9/06 ,  C25B1/02

摘要： An electrochemical oxygen generating device employing oxygen-conducting metal oxide electrolyte, a non-porous silver or silver alloy containing electrode and an electrode undercoat comprising a ceramic oxide electronic conductor is disclosed.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种使用导电金属氧化物电解质的电化学氧发生装置，含有无孔银或含银合金的电极和包含陶瓷氧化物电子导体的电极底涂层。

公开(公告)号：US4725346A

公开(公告)日：1988-02-16

申请号：US889214

申请日：1986-07-25

申请人： Ashok V. Joshi

发明人： Ashok V. Joshi

IPC分类号： C25B1/02 ,  C25B9/06 ,  C25B9/00

CPC分类号： C25B1/02 ,  C25B9/06

摘要： An electrochemical oxygen generating device employing oxygen-conducting metal oxide electrolyte and a silver or silver alloy containing non-porous electrode is disclosed.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种使用导电金属氧化物电解质和含有无孔电极的银或银合金的电化学氧发生装置。

公开(公告)号：US4401737A

公开(公告)日：1983-08-30

申请号：US291244

申请日：1981-08-10

申请人： Ashok V. Joshi

发明人： Ashok V. Joshi

IPC分类号： H01M4/36 ,  H01M4/48 ,  H01M4/50 ,  H01M4/58 ,  H01M6/16 ,  H01M6/50

CPC分类号： H01M4/36 ,  H01M4/483 ,  H01M4/502 ,  H01M4/58 ,  H01M4/5815 ,  H01M6/16

摘要： A method for preparing stable non-stoichiometric cathode material to provide cathodes useful in non-aqueous electrochemical cells having an active metal (e.g. lithium) anode. The method comprises reducing the non-stoichiometric cathode material (e.g. manganese dioxide) with the active metal or a precursor compound of said active metal to form a compound of the active metal and stoichiometric active cathode material.

摘要翻译： 制备稳定的非化学计量阴极材料以提供阴极的方法，阴极可用于具有活性金属（例如锂）阳极的非水电化学电池中。 该方法包括用活性金属或所述活性金属的前体化合物还原非化学计量的阴极材料（例如二氧化锰），以形成活性金属和化学计量活性阴极材料的化合物。

公开(公告)号：US4304764A

公开(公告)日：1981-12-08

申请号：US190195

申请日：1980-09-24

申请人： Ashok V. Joshi

发明人： Ashok V. Joshi

IPC分类号： H01M4/48 ,  H01M4/36 ,  H01M4/58 ,  H01M6/50 ,  C01G45/02

CPC分类号： H01M6/50 ,  H01M4/36

摘要： A method for preparing stable non-stoichiometric cathode material to provide cathodes useful in non-aqueous electrochemical cells having an active metal (eg. lithium) anode. The method comprises reducing the non-stoichiometric cathode material (eg. manganese dioxide) with the active metal or a precursor compound of said active metal to form a compound of the active metal and stoichiometric active cathode material.

摘要翻译： 制备稳定的非化学计量的阴极材料以提供阴极的方法，阴极可用于具有活性金属（例如锂）阳极的非水电化学电池中。 该方法包括用活性金属或所述活性金属的前体化合物还原非化学计量的阴极材料（例如二氧化锰），以形成活性金属和化学计量活性阴极材料的化合物。

公开(公告)号：US4150203A

公开(公告)日：1979-04-17

申请号：US868645

申请日：1978-01-11

申请人： Charles C. Liang ,  Ashok V. Joshi

发明人： Charles C. Liang ,  Ashok V. Joshi

IPC分类号： H01M6/18

CPC分类号： H01M6/18

摘要： A solid electrolyte additive for high energy density solid state cells, comprising aluminum oxide treated with a polar covalently bonded alkali metal.

摘要翻译： 一种用于高能密度固态电池的固体电解质添加剂，包括用极性共价键合的碱金属处理的氧化铝。

公开(公告)号：US09011650B2

公开(公告)日：2015-04-21

申请号：US13269412

申请日：2011-10-07

申请人： Sai Bhavaraju ,  Ashok V. Joshi

发明人： Sai Bhavaraju ,  Ashok V. Joshi

IPC分类号： C25B9/08 ,  C25B15/02 ,  C25B15/08 ,  C25B3/00 ,  C25B1/10 ,  C02F1/467 ,  C02F1/461 ,  C02F101/10

CPC分类号： C25B9/08 ,  C02F1/4674 ,  C02F2001/46138 ,  C02F2001/46185 ,  C02F2101/101 ,  C02F2201/46115 ,  C02F2201/46135 ,  C02F2201/4618 ,  C02F2209/06 ,  C25B1/10 ,  C25B3/00 ,  C25B15/02 ,  C25B15/08 ,  Y02E60/366

摘要： An electrochemical cell having a cation-conductive ceramic membrane and an acidic anolyte. Generally, the cell includes a catholyte compartment and an anolyte compartment that are separated by a cation-conductive membrane. While the catholyte compartment houses a primary cathode, the anolyte compartment houses an anode and a secondary cathode. In some cases, a current is passed through the electrodes to cause the secondary cathode to evolve hydrogen gas. In other cases, a current is passed between the electrodes to cause the secondary cathode to evolve hydroxyl ions and hydrogen gas. In still other cases, hydrogen peroxide is channeled between the secondary cathode and the membrane to form hydroxyl ions. In yet other cases, the cell includes a diffusion membrane disposed between the secondary cathode and the anode. In each of the aforementioned cases, the cell functions to maintain the pH of a fluid contacting the membrane at an acceptably high level.

摘要翻译： 具有阳离子导电陶瓷膜和酸性阳极电解液的电化学电池。 通常，电池包括由阳离子导电膜分离的阴极电解液室和阳极电解液室。 当阴极电解液室容纳主阴极时，阳极电解液室容纳阳极和次级阴极。 在一些情况下，电流通过电极以使次级阴极放出氢气。 在其他情况下，在电极之间通过电流以使次级阴极放出羟基离子和氢气。 在其他情况下，过氧化氢被引导在次级阴极和膜之间以形成羟基离子。 在其他情况下，电池包括设置在次级阴极和阳极之间的扩散膜。 在上述每一种情况下，电池用于将接触膜的流体的pH保持在可接受的高水平。

公开(公告)号：US20130001095A1

公开(公告)日：2013-01-03

申请号：US13612192

申请日：2012-09-12

申请人： Sai Bhavaraju ,  Mukund Karanjikar ,  Ashok V. Joshi ,  David Joel Hunt ,  Pallavi Chitta

发明人： Sai Bhavaraju ,  Mukund Karanjikar ,  Ashok V. Joshi ,  David Joel Hunt ,  Pallavi Chitta

IPC分类号： C25B3/04

CPC分类号： C10G3/40 ,  C10G3/45 ,  C10G3/47 ,  C10G3/50 ,  C10G2300/1014 ,  C10G2300/1018 ,  C10G2300/44 ,  C10G2400/04 ,  C12P7/54 ,  C25B3/00 ,  C25B3/10 ,  C25B9/08 ,  Y02E50/343 ,  Y02P30/20

摘要： A method that produces coupled radical products. The method involves obtaining a sodium salt of a carboxylic acid. The alkali metal salt is then used in an anolyte as part of an electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell may include an alkali ion conducting membrane (such as a NaSICON membrane) that separates an anolyte compartment housing the anolyte from a catholyte compartment housing a catholyte. The anolyte includes a first solvent or mixture of solvents and a quantity of the sodium salt of the carboxylic acid. When the cell is operated, the alkali metal salt of the carboxylic acid decarboxylates and forms radicals. Such radicals are then bonded to other radicals, thereby producing a coupled radical product such as a hydrocarbon.

摘要翻译： 一种产生偶联产物的方法。 该方法包括获得羧酸的钠盐。 然后将碱金属盐用作阳极电解液作为电解池的一部分。 电解池可以包括碱性离子传导膜（例如NaSICON膜），其将容纳阴极电解液的阳极电解液室与容纳阴极电解液的阴极电解液室隔开。 阳极电解液包括第一溶剂或溶剂的混合物和一定量的羧酸的钠盐。 当电池操作时，羧酸的碱金属盐脱羧并形成自由基。 然后将这些基团与其它基团键合，由此产生偶联的基团产物如烃。

公开(公告)号：US08267906B2

公开(公告)日：2012-09-18

申请号：US12950131

申请日：2010-11-19

申请人： Ashok V. Joshi

发明人： Ashok V. Joshi

IPC分类号： A61M35/00 ,  A61K9/22

CPC分类号： A61K47/02 ,  A61K9/0021 ,  A61K9/7092 ,  A61K31/00 ,  A61K33/06 ,  A61K33/26 ,  A61K33/30 ,  A61M37/0015 ,  A61M2037/0023 ,  A61M2037/003 ,  A61M2037/0061 ,  A61K2300/00

摘要： An apparatus and method for applying a beneficial agent to the skin is disclosed in one embodiment of the invention as including first and second chemical reactants, each being compatible with the skin. The first and second chemical reactants react with one another to generate a beneficial agent and enhance the permeability of the skin (e.g., by generating heat). The beneficial agent may then be applied to the skin while the permeability of the skin is enhanced. In selected embodiments, the first chemical reactant includes one or more metals, or alloys thereof, that are compatible (i.e., not harmful) with the skin. Similarly, in selected embodiments, the second chemical reactant may include water. In certain embodiments, the beneficial agent generated by the first and second chemical reactants includes an antioxidant such as hydrogen.

摘要翻译： 在本发明的一个实施方案中公开了将有益剂施用于皮肤的装置和方法，包括第一和第二化学反应物，其各自与皮肤相容。 第一和第二化学反应物彼此反应以产生有益剂并增强皮肤的渗透性（例如通过产生热量）。 然后可以将有益剂施用于皮肤，同时增强皮肤的渗透性。 在选择的实施方案中，第一化学反应物包括与皮肤相容（即不是有害的）的一种或多种金属或其合金。 类似地，在选择的实施方案中，第二化学反应物可以包括水。 在某些实施方案中，由第一和第二化学反应物产生的有益试剂包括抗氧化剂如氢。