摘要:
The present invention relates to a method of producing at least one alkane, the method comprising, —producing at least one carboxylic acid from a carbon source using a genetically modified microorganism, and —performing Kolbe electrolysis on the carboxylic acid to produce the alkane, wherein the alkane comprises at least 6 carbon atoms and the carboxylic acid comprises at least 4 carbon atoms and wherein the carbon source is selected from the group consisting of ethanol, acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, hexanoate and combinations thereof and the microorganism is capable of producing the carboxylic acid using ethanol-carboxylate fermentation.
摘要:
Synthetic methods are described herein operable to efficiently produce a wide variety of molecular species through conjugate additions via decarboxylative mechanisms. For example, methods of functionalization of peptide residues are described, including selective functionalization of peptide C-terminal residues. In one aspect, a method of peptide functionalization comprises providing a reaction mixture including a Michael acceptor and a peptide and coupling the Michael acceptor with the peptide via a mechanism including decarboxylation of a peptide reside.
摘要:
A method for converting carboxylic acids (including carboxylic acids derived from biomass) into hydrocarbons. The produced hydrocarbons will generally have at least two oxygen containing substituents (or other substituents). In one example of application, the electrolysis converts alkali salts of carboxylic acids into diols which can then be used as solvents or be dehydrated to produce dienes, which can then be used to produce elastic polymeric materials. This process allows custom synthesis of high value chemicals from renewable feed stocks such as carboxylic acids derived from biomass.
摘要:
A cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition is provided. The composition contains a mixture of oils prepared by Kolbe electrolysis of branched chain fatty acids and mixtures of branched chain fatty acids with straight chain fatty acids. The fatty acids containing from 3 to 26 carbon atoms. The oils are a mixture of oils with different spreading rates (spreading cascade).
摘要:
An electrochemical conversion method for converting at least a portion of a first mixture comprising hydrocarbon to C2+ unsaturates by repeatedly applying an electric potential difference, V(τ1), to a first electrode of an electrochemical cell during a first time interval τ1; and reducing the electric potential difference, V(τ1), to a second electric potential difference, V(τ2), for a second time interval τ2, wherein τ2≤τ1. The method is beneficial, among other things, for reducing coke formation in the electrochemical production of C2+ unsaturates in an electrochemical cell. Accordingly, a method of reducing coke formation in the electrochemical conversion of such mixtures and a method for electrochemically converting carbon to C2+ unsaturates as well as an apparatus for such methods are also provided.
摘要:
Devices and methods that can detect and control an individual polymer in a mixture is acted upon by another compound, for example, an enzyme, in a nanopore are provided. The devices and methods also determine (˜>50 Hz) the nucleotide base sequence of a polynucleotide under feedback control or using signals generated by the interactions between the polynucleotide and the nanopore. The invention is of particular use in the fields of molecular biology, structural biology, cell biology, molecular switches, molecular circuits, and molecular computational devices, and the manufacture thereof.
摘要:
The present disclosure is a system and method for producing a first product from a first region of an electrochemical cell having a cathode and a second product from a second region of the electrochemical cell having an anode. The method may include a step of contacting the first region with a catholyte comprising carbon dioxide. The method may include another step of contacting the second region with an anolyte comprising a recycled reactant and at least one of an alkane, haloalkane, alkene, haloalkene, aromatic compound, haloaromatic compound, heteroaromatic compound or halo-heteroaromatic compound. Further, the method may include a step of applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode sufficient to produce a first product recoverable from the first region and a second product recoverable from the second region.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for preparing unsymmetric compounds from the group of the m-terphenyls which can be used as unsymmetric OCO pincer ligands, comprising the process steps of a) reacting a first substituted or unsubstituted phenol with a 1,3-disubstituted arene which may likewise be substituted in the 2 and 5 positions to obtain a phenol-arene coupling product and b) optionally protecting the OH group of the phenol-arene coupling product with a protecting group to obtain a protected phenol-arene coupling product, and c) reacting the phenol-arene coupling product from a) or b) with a second substituted or unsubstituted phenol to obtain an unsymmetric m-terphenyl, with the proviso that the first phenol and the second phenol have different substitution, characterized in that at least one of process steps a) and c) is conducted as an electrochemical process step.
摘要:
The present disclosure includes a system and method for producing a first product from a first region of an electrochemical cell having a cathode and a second product from a second region of the electrochemical cell having an anode. The method may include a step of contacting the first region with a catholyte comprising carbon dioxide, producing a first product which may include carbon monoxide or an alkli metal formate. The method may include another step of contacting the second region with an anolyte comprising a sulfur-based reactant and producing a second product including oxygen and sulfur dioxide. Further, the method may include a step for introducing the separated oxygen from second region of the electrochemical cell with a hydrogen sulfide stream in a catalyst reactor bed, converting the hydrogen sulfide to sulfur dioxide. The sulfur dioxide may then be liquefied as a product, or a portion of the sulfur dioxide may be recycled to the second region of the electrochemical cell where it may be converted to sulfuric acid. The sulfuric acid may then be reacted with another reactant, such as ammonia, to produce an ammonium sulfate product.
摘要:
There is disclosed an electrode array architecture employing continuous and discontinuous circumferential electrodes. There is further disclosed a process for the neutralization of acid generated at anode(s) by base generated at cathode(s) circumferentially located to each other so as to confine a region of pH change. The cathodes can be displayed as concentric rings (continuous) or as counter electrodes in a cross pattern (discontinuous). In this way reagents, such as acid, generated in a center electrode are countered (neutralized) by reagents, such as base, generated at the corners or at the outer ring.