Abstract:
A plastic mould apparatus having Peltier elements for heating plastic in the mould or cooling the same depending on the current direction in the Peltier elements.
Abstract:
A thyristor rectifier for high voltage is formed of a plurality of thyristors connected in series and each having a control circuit controlled from a common control device. Connected to each control circuit is a light emitter of semiconductor type which emits a signal for the corresponding thyristors as long as the control circuit is intact and is being properly fed and the thyristor voltage has the proper polarity.
Abstract:
A reluctance machine has a stator with a plurality of stator poles arranged tangentially one after the other and carries at least one stator winding. The rotor has a plurality of pole pairs equally angularly spaced. The rotor has an equalizing winding composed of coils in the form of a hollow cylinder of conductive material provided with longitudinal slots extending alternately from opposite ends receiving the rotor poles, the parts of the cylinder between the slots being joined at alternate ends by arcuate parts, the induced voltages in the coils counteracting each other.
Abstract:
A process for treating products with high pressure includes a high pressure cylinder with end closures projecting thereinto and a press stand. The supply of pressure medium is made through one end closure which includes a cylindrical unit with an axial and a radial channel, applied in an axially arranged recess in the end closure and sealed to the recess at its inner part and a second cylindrical unit with an axial chamber which is applied in a recess perpendicular to the axial recess and connected to the first unit. This permits the units to be readily interchanged if any part of the unit cracks under the high pressure.
Abstract:
A magneto-elastic transducer for measuring mechanical forces is constituted by a laminated core of magneto-strictive sheet metal with tubular channels containing excitation and measuring windings. The sheet metal at least in the operative measuring zone of the transducer has residual mechanical stresses, the average value of the magnitude of these stresses being at least of the same order as the magnitude of the stresses induced in the measuring zone when the transducer is subjected to its rated load. The residual stresses may be produced by heat treatment, cold rolling, drawing, bending, pressing, blasting, radiation or martensite formation.
Abstract:
In the manufacture of copper tubes by hydrostatic extrusion, a tubular billet is inserted in an extrusion press and extruded through a gap between a die and a mandrel to form a tube having the desired cross-section by hydrostatic pressure. The tube which is formed is led to a cooling zone at such a distance from the extrusion press that the time between shaping and cooling exceeds the recrystallization time required for annealing copper. The extruded tube is surrounded by an inert gas within a conductor tube during the passage from the press to the cooling zone.
Abstract:
A press for hydrostatic extrusion of tubes includes a press stand with a pressure cylinder movable therein to engage over a die supported by the press stand, and a pressure-generating punch movable in the other end of the cylinder. A sleeve slidable in the cylinder supports a mandrel which can engage through an annular billet into the die opening. A billet holder is slidable in the sleeve, the mandrel passing through it. The billet holder is so constructed that pressure fluid can pass from one side of it to the other.
Abstract:
In order to prevent the complete extrusion of a billet during hydrostatic extrusion, the rear end of the billet is treated so that it is harder than the rest of the billet. As a result, when the rear end reaches a die, the resistance to extrusion increases and can be detected so that extrusion can be stopped.
Abstract:
For manufacturing rod, wire or tube-shaped products of compound material, a billet which is composed of a core and a casing, of different materials, selected from aluminum and cooper and their alloys, is hydrostatically extruded through a die. Either the core or the casing or both at their facing surfaces have an amount of oxides thereon which is substantially less than the amount required to form a continuous layer of molecular thickness when the billet is extruded with a selected extrusion ratio.
Abstract:
In the hydrostatic extrusion of a body through an opening, such as a die opening, the hydrostatic extrusion is begun by raising the pressure of the pressure fluid to a predetermined amount, and thereafter while continuing such pressure applying a tensile force to a portion of the body which is beyond the opening. The portion extending through the die may be preformed, or may be formed by the starting of hydrostatic extrusion. The end of the billet which engages the die is formed with double conicity.