公开(公告)号：US06678086B2

公开(公告)日：2004-01-13

申请号：US10195766

申请日：2002-07-15

申请人： Bharat Dave ,  Doruk Engin ,  Kwang Kim ,  Mohammad Laham ,  Julio Martinez ,  Olga Nedzhvetskaya ,  Jithamithra Sarathy ,  Ronald Simprini ,  Boris Stefanov ,  Tan Buu Thai

发明人： Bharat Dave ,  Doruk Engin ,  Kwang Kim ,  Mohammad Laham ,  Julio Martinez ,  Olga Nedzhvetskaya ,  Jithamithra Sarathy ,  Ronald Simprini ,  Boris Stefanov ,  Tan Buu Thai

IPC分类号： G02F135

CPC分类号： H04B10/299 ,  H04L7/0075

摘要： A method and circuit are presented for the all optical recovery of the clock signal from an arbitrary optical data signal. The method involves two stages. A first stage preprocesses the optical signal by converting a NRZ signal to a PRZ signal, or if the input optical signal is RZ, by merely amplifying it. In a preferred embodiment this stage is implemented via an integrated SOA in each arm of an asymmetric interferometric device. The output of the preprocessing stage is fed to a clock recovery stage, which consists of a symmetric interferometer that locks on to the inherent clock signal by using the second stage input signal to trigger two optical sources to self oscillate at the clock rate. In a preferred embodiment the second stage is implemented via SOAs integrated in the arms of an interferometer, with two DFB lasers as terminuses. The output of the interferometer is an optical clock signal at the clock rate of the original input.

摘要翻译： 提出了一种用于从任意光数据信号对时钟信号进行全光学恢复的方法和电路。 该方法涉及两个阶段。 第一级通过将NRZ信号转换为PRZ信号，或者如果输入光信号是RZ，则仅通过放大来预处理光信号。 在优选实施例中，该阶段通过不对称干涉仪装置的每个臂中的集成SOA来实现。 预处理阶段的输出被馈送到时钟恢复阶段，时钟恢复阶段包括通过使用第二级输入信号来锁定固有时钟信号的对称干涉仪，以触发两个光源以时钟速率自振荡。 在优选实施例中，第二级通过集成在干涉仪的臂中的SOA实现，其中两个DFB激光器作为终端。 干涉仪的输出是以原始输入的时钟速率的光时钟信号。

公开(公告)号：US06594072B2

公开(公告)日：2003-07-15

申请号：US10195672

申请日：2002-07-15

申请人： Bharat Dave ,  Doruk Engin ,  Kwang Kim ,  Julio Martinez ,  Olga Nedzhvetskaya ,  Jithamithra Sarathy ,  Ronald Simprini ,  Boris Stefanov ,  Tan Buu Thai

发明人： Bharat Dave ,  Doruk Engin ,  Kwang Kim ,  Julio Martinez ,  Olga Nedzhvetskaya ,  Jithamithra Sarathy ,  Ronald Simprini ,  Boris Stefanov ,  Tan Buu Thai

IPC分类号： H01S300

CPC分类号： H04B10/299 ,  H04L7/0075

摘要： A method and circuit are presented for the all optical recovery of the clock signal from an arbitrary optical data signal. The method involves two stages. A first stage preprocesses the optical signal by converting a NRZ signal to a PRZ signal, or if the input optical signal is RZ, by merely amplifying it. In a preferred embodiment this stage is implemented via an integrated SOA in each arm of an asymmetric interferometric device. The output of the preprocessing stage is fed to a clock recovery stage, which consists of a symmetric interferometer that locks on to the inherent clock signal by using the second stage input signal to trigger two optical sources to self oscillate at the clock rate. In a preferred embodiment the second stage is implemented via SOAs integrated in the arms of an interferometer, with two DFB lasers as terminuses. The output of the interferometer is an optical clock signal at the clock rate of the original input.

公开(公告)号：US06563621B2

公开(公告)日：2003-05-13

申请号：US09849441

申请日：2001-05-04

申请人： Bharat Dave ,  Doruk Engin ,  Kwang Kim ,  Mohammad Laham ,  Julio Martinez ,  Olga Nedzhvetskaya ,  Jithamithra Sarathy ,  Ronald Simprini ,  Boris Stefanov ,  Tan Buu Thai

发明人： Bharat Dave ,  Doruk Engin ,  Kwang Kim ,  Mohammad Laham ,  Julio Martinez ,  Olga Nedzhvetskaya ,  Jithamithra Sarathy ,  Ronald Simprini ,  Boris Stefanov ,  Tan Buu Thai

IPC分类号： H04B1002

CPC分类号： H04B10/299 ,  H04L7/0075

摘要： A method and circuit are presented for the all optical recovery of the clock signal from an arbitrary optical data signal. The method involves two stages. A first stage preprocesses the optical signal by converting a NRZ signal to a PRZ signal, or if the input optical signal is RZ, by merely amplifying it. In a preferred embodiment this stage is implemented via an integrated SOA in each arm of an asymmetric interferometric device. The output of the preprocessing stage is fed to a clock recovery stage, which consists of a symmetric interferometer that locks on to the inherent clock signal by using the second stage input signal to trigger two optical sources to self oscillate at the clock rate. In a preferred embodiment the second stage is implemented via SOAs integrated in the arms of an interferometer, with two DFB lasers as terminuses. The output of the interferometer is an optical clock signal at the clock rate of the original input.

公开(公告)号：US5075672A

公开(公告)日：1991-12-24

申请号：US544838

申请日：1990-06-27

申请人： Boris Stefanov

发明人： Boris Stefanov

IPC分类号： B60Q11/00 ,  H05B37/03

CPC分类号： H05B37/03 ,  B60Q11/00

摘要： A system is provided for detecting the condition of a lamp, activating a permanent memory two-state display of the lamp condition, and displaying said condition during the daylight when no power is connected to the lamp. The system includes an electrical circuit powered by electricity drawn from power lines connected to the lamp such that the circuit is energized only when the lamp is supposed to be lighted. A rectifier transforms the alternating current of the power lines into a direct current for the circuit. The current of the power lines connected to the lamp is detected and measured when the lamp is supposed to be lighted in order to determine the condition of the lamp, and provide an appropriate signal for controlling switches within the circuit. Two alternative current pathways, each including a capacitor and a switch responsive to input from the current sensor, are provided in the circuit. When the circuit is energized, current flows through one pathway if the lamp is in working order, and through another if the lamp is sensed as being defective. The capacitor in the portion of the circuit being energized at any given time is periodically discharged to activate an electromagnet capable of changing the state of the display. Discharge of the capacitor is controlled by a free-run pulse generator which provides input to a third switch provided in the circuit.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种系统，用于检测灯的状态，激活灯状态的永久存储器两状态显示，以及在没有电源连接到灯的情况下在日光期间显示所述状态。 该系统包括由连接到灯的电力线的电力供电的电路，使得只有当灯被点亮时，电路才被激励。 整流器将电力线的交流电转换为电路的直流电。 当灯被点亮时，检测和测量连接到灯的电力线的电流，以便确定灯的状况，并提供用于控制电路内的开关的适当信号。 在电路中提供两个备选电流通路，每个电路包括电容器和响应于来自电流传感器的输入的开关。 当电路通电时，如果灯处于工作状态，电流将流过一个通道，如果灯被感测为有故障，则电流通过另一个通道。 在任何给定时间被激励的电路部分中的电容器被周期性地放电以激活能够改变显示器状态的电磁体。 电容器的放电由自由运行脉冲发生器控制，该脉冲发生器向电路中提供的第三开关提供输入。

公开(公告)号：US4158190A

公开(公告)日：1979-06-12

申请号：US848461

申请日：1977-11-04

申请人： Boris Stefanov

发明人： Boris Stefanov

IPC分类号： G08G1/0965 ,  G08G1/00

CPC分类号： G08G1/0965

摘要： The detecting circuit is used on cars to indicate the presence of emergency vehicles utilizing wailing sirens the instant invention residing in the unique circuitry itself to result in an extremely inexpensive electronics package for carrying out the desired function. Essentially, the circuit utilizes a band pass filter having a voltage tunable center frequency. Dominant frequencies in a sound spectrum received through the band pass filter are converted to voltages by means of a frequency to voltage converter and fed back to the band pass filter to shift the center frequency of the filter thereby tracking the dominant frequency signal. When the dominant frequency results from a wailing siren, the fed back voltage from the frequency to voltage converter constitutes a slowly continuously varying AC signal corresponding to the pitch variation of the siren. This signal is detected by a low pass filter and differentiating circuit to operate a flasher to indicate the presence of the siren. When the dominant frequency results from noise or steady state sounds or the like resulting in a random shifting of the center frequency of the band pass filter, further filter and integrating means responsive to such random signals generate an inhibiting signal preventing spurious operation of the flasher.

摘要翻译： 汽车上使用检测电路来指示紧急车辆是否存在利用警报器将本发明存在于独特的电路本身中，从而导致用于执行所需功能的非常便宜的电子部件。 本质上，该电路利用具有电压可调谐中心频率的带通滤波器。 通过带通滤波器接收的声谱中的主要频率通过频率对电压转换器转换成电压，并反馈到带通滤波器，以移位滤波器的中心频率，从而跟踪主频信号。 当主要频率来自警笛声时，从频率到电压转换器的反馈电压构成对应于警笛音调变化的缓慢连续变化的交流信号。 该信号由低通滤波器和微分电路检测以操作闪烁器以指示警报器的存在。 当主频由噪声或稳态声等引起带通滤波器的中心频率的随机移位时，响应于这种随机信号的进一步的滤波器和积分装置产生禁止信号，防止闪光器的假操作。

公开(公告)号：US07633674B2

公开(公告)日：2009-12-15

申请号：US12254380

申请日：2008-10-20

申请人： Mohammad Laham ,  Boris Stefanov

发明人： Mohammad Laham ,  Boris Stefanov

IPC分类号： H01S5/00 ,  H04B10/08 ,  G02B6/28 ,  H04B10/12

CPC分类号： H01S5/4025 ,  G02B6/2813 ,  H01S5/5045

摘要： A photonic integrated circuit having a plurality of circuit components, is disclosed, which may include an MMI for splitting signal power passing therethrough among first and second optical pathways coupled to first and second outputs, respectively, of the MMI, thereby directing first and second percentages of the signal power along the first and the second optical pathways, respectively; and a photodetector integrated into the photonic integrated circuit and coupled to said first optical pathway for measuring a signal power level on said first optical pathway.

摘要翻译： 公开了具有多个电路部件的光子集成电路，其可以包括MMI，用于将分别耦合到MMI的第一和第二输出的第一和第二光学路径之间通过的信号功率分开，从而指示第一和第二百分比 分别沿着第一和第二光学路径的信号功率; 以及集成到所述光子集成电路中并耦合到所述第一光学路径以用于测量所述第一光学路径上的信号功率电平的光电检测器。

公开(公告)号：US07009210B2

公开(公告)日：2006-03-07

申请号：US09852582

申请日：2001-05-09

申请人： Jithamithra Sarathy ,  Chinnabbu Ekambaram ,  David Lidsky ,  Bharat Dave ,  Boris Stefanov ,  Tan B. Thai ,  Ronald Simprini ,  Julio Martinez ,  Gaurav Naik

发明人： Jithamithra Sarathy ,  Chinnabbu Ekambaram ,  David Lidsky ,  Bharat Dave ,  Boris Stefanov ,  Tan B. Thai ,  Ronald Simprini ,  Julio Martinez ,  Gaurav Naik

IPC分类号： H01L27/15 ,  H01L33/00

CPC分类号： H01L31/101 ,  H01L31/02327 ,  H04B10/07953 ,  H04B10/07955

摘要： A method and apparatus for a tunable optical spectrum analyzer that can measure the optical spectrum of a demultiplexed DWDM signal are presented. The signal level and Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR) of an individual channel of the DWDM signal can be obtained from the measured optical spectrum. The device employs a rapid tuning and detection technique to obtain the optical spectrum of the incoming signal. In a preferred embodiment the apparatus is fabricated on a single chip resulting in a compact measurement device. Using the device of the preferred embodiment, single channel OSNR can be determined in as small a time interval as approximately 225 microseconds. Using an array of these devices an entire DWDM mixed signal can be monitored as to OP and OSNR in the same time interval.

公开(公告)号：US06671467B2

公开(公告)日：2003-12-30

申请号：US10195263

申请日：2002-07-15

申请人： Bharat Dave ,  Doruk Engin ,  Kwang Kim ,  Mohammad Laham ,  Julio Martinez ,  Olga Nedzhvetskaya ,  Jithamithra Sarathy ,  Roanld Simprini ,  Boris Stefanov ,  Tan Buu Thai

发明人： Bharat Dave ,  Doruk Engin ,  Kwang Kim ,  Mohammad Laham ,  Julio Martinez ,  Olga Nedzhvetskaya ,  Jithamithra Sarathy ,  Roanld Simprini ,  Boris Stefanov ,  Tan Buu Thai

IPC分类号： H04B1004

CPC分类号： H04B10/299 ,  H04L7/0075

摘要： A method and circuit are presented for the all optical recovery of the clock signal from an arbitrary optical data signal. The method involves two stages. A first stage preprocesses the optical signal by converting a NRZ signal to a PRZ signal, or if the input optical signal is RZ, by merely amplifying it. In a preferred embodiment this stage is implemented via an integrated SOA in each arm of an asymmetric interferometric device. The output of the preprocessing stage is fed to a clock recovery stage, which consists of a symmetric interferometer that locks on to the inherent clock signal by using the second stage input signal to trigger two optical sources to self oscillate at the clock rate. In a preferred embodiment the second stage is implemented via SOAs integrated in the arms of an interferometer, with two DFB lasers as terminuses. The output of the interferometer is an optical clock signal at the clock rate of the original input.

公开(公告)号：US07190909B2

公开(公告)日：2007-03-13

申请号：US10172369

申请日：2002-06-14

申请人： Jayanta Das ,  Ganesh Lakshminarayana ,  Kuo-Ming Lee ,  Roman Antosik ,  Scott Kaminski ,  Jithamithra Sarathy ,  Boris Stefanov ,  Ronald Simprini ,  Bharat Dave

发明人： Jayanta Das ,  Ganesh Lakshminarayana ,  Kuo-Ming Lee ,  Roman Antosik ,  Scott Kaminski ,  Jithamithra Sarathy ,  Boris Stefanov ,  Ronald Simprini ,  Bharat Dave

IPC分类号： H04B10/00

CPC分类号： H04B10/0775 ,  H04B2210/078

摘要： Method and apparatus are presented for the generation and detection of maintenance signals in an optical data network. The maintenance signals are such that they can be read both by high bit-rate and low bit-rate receivers. Detection of the maintenance signals occurs in two stages. In a low bit-rate first stage each nodal input port is sampled in a round robin fashion to detect the presence of a maintenance signal. In a high bit-rate second stage the maintenance signal is verified and read by a high speed receiver, along with other high bit-rate information transmitted with it. One second stage high speed receiver is shared among M input channels for cost and circuit efficiency.

摘要翻译： 提出了用于在光数据网络中生成和检测维护信号的方法和装置。 维护信号使得它们可以被高比特率和低比特率接收机读取。 维护信号的检测分两个阶段进行。 在低比特率第一级中，每个节点输入端口以循环方式进行采样以检测维护信号的存在。 在高比特率第二级中，维护信号与高速接收机一起被验证和读取，以及与其一起发送的其他高比特率信息。 一个第二级高速接收机在M个输入通道之间共享成本和电路效率。

公开(公告)号：US20060182440A1

公开(公告)日：2006-08-17

申请号：US11405992

申请日：2006-04-18

申请人： Boris Stefanov ,  Mohammad Laham ,  Kevin Beach ,  Scott Kaminski

发明人： Boris Stefanov ,  Mohammad Laham ,  Kevin Beach ,  Scott Kaminski

IPC分类号： H04B10/08

CPC分类号： H04Q11/0005 ,  H04Q2011/0024 ,  H04Q2011/0043 ,  H04Q2011/0056 ,  H04Q2011/0083

摘要： A robust nonblocking switch architecture is presented, in the first and final stages made of switch modules which have extra, unallocated, input and output ports beyond those necessary to render the switch architecture nonblocking. Each middle stage has an extra switch module, affording it spare unallocated ports as well. A method of isolating a fault is also presented, given the robust switching architecture. Operating on each stage one at a time, the switching architecture is reconnected so as to bypass either the input, the output, or both the input and the output ports of the switch module in such stage impacted in the faulted signal path. Such method allows the isolation of the faulty switch module, and can be done automatically, with either external apparatus, or integrated fault isolation equipment.