公开(公告)号：US06671467B2

公开(公告)日：2003-12-30

申请号：US10195263

申请日：2002-07-15

申请人： Bharat Dave ,  Doruk Engin ,  Kwang Kim ,  Mohammad Laham ,  Julio Martinez ,  Olga Nedzhvetskaya ,  Jithamithra Sarathy ,  Roanld Simprini ,  Boris Stefanov ,  Tan Buu Thai

发明人： Bharat Dave ,  Doruk Engin ,  Kwang Kim ,  Mohammad Laham ,  Julio Martinez ,  Olga Nedzhvetskaya ,  Jithamithra Sarathy ,  Roanld Simprini ,  Boris Stefanov ,  Tan Buu Thai

IPC分类号： H04B1004

CPC分类号： H04B10/299 ,  H04L7/0075

摘要： A method and circuit are presented for the all optical recovery of the clock signal from an arbitrary optical data signal. The method involves two stages. A first stage preprocesses the optical signal by converting a NRZ signal to a PRZ signal, or if the input optical signal is RZ, by merely amplifying it. In a preferred embodiment this stage is implemented via an integrated SOA in each arm of an asymmetric interferometric device. The output of the preprocessing stage is fed to a clock recovery stage, which consists of a symmetric interferometer that locks on to the inherent clock signal by using the second stage input signal to trigger two optical sources to self oscillate at the clock rate. In a preferred embodiment the second stage is implemented via SOAs integrated in the arms of an interferometer, with two DFB lasers as terminuses. The output of the interferometer is an optical clock signal at the clock rate of the original input.

公开(公告)号：US06169830A

公开(公告)日：2001-01-02

申请号：US09128476

申请日：1998-08-04

申请人： Anthony S. Kewitsch ,  George A. Rakuljic ,  Doruk Engin ,  Seth J. Greenberg ,  Phil A. Willems ,  Xiaolin Tong

发明人： Anthony S. Kewitsch ,  George A. Rakuljic ,  Doruk Engin ,  Seth J. Greenberg ,  Phil A. Willems ,  Xiaolin Tong

IPC分类号： G02B634

CPC分类号： G02B6/02204 ,  G02B6/02085 ,  G02B6/02109 ,  G02B6/02114 ,  G02B6/02133 ,  G02B6/02138 ,  G02B6/02152 ,  G02B6/0218 ,  G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/12007 ,  G02B6/2835

摘要： Advantageous methodologies are disclosed for embedding periodic patterns in optical waveguide elements such as optical fibers. Polarization independence in an elongated waist region of an add/drop coupler can be established by measuring polarization characteristics during fusion and elongation, and controlling the elongation to impart a cross-sectional shape, such as a hybrid dumbbell-ellipsoid. Polarization dependence can also be minimized by angular deformation of the elements along the light transmissive axis. To write a pattern, an element having potential photosensitivity is markedly photosensitized in a hydrogen or deuterium environment pressurized to about 1000 to 5000 psi and a scanning UV beam that is transmitted through a photo mask and impinges on the coupler waist as the in-diffused gas is constantly replenished. Dimensional variations in the element which can affect spectral bandwidth are sensed by writing a preliminary test pattern in the element and then locally measuring the spectral properties of the test pattern and adjusting the local levels of background index of refractions so that the modal index of refraction is substantially constant along the length of the pattern. A relatively wide scanning writing beam tracks on a narrower waveguide element despite positional imprecision and temporal shifting by using a feedback signal derived from fluorescence induced in the element. To apodize the grating in accordance with a selected function, a constant power beam is directed through a rotating half-wave plate and divided by a polarizing beam splitter into two beams having oppositely varying DC amplitude characteristics. The two beams are separately varied to produce the desired apodization profile of the grating.

摘要翻译： 公开了在诸如光纤的光波导元件中嵌入周期性图案的有利方法。 通过在熔融和伸长期间测量极化特性，并控制延伸率以赋予横截面形状，例如混合哑铃 - 椭圆体，可以建立加/减耦合器的细长腰部区域中的极化独立性。 也可以通过沿着透光轴的元件的角度变形来最小化极化依赖性。 为了编写图案，具有潜在光敏性的元件在加压至约1000至5000psi的氢或氘环境中被显着光敏化，并且扫描UV光束透射通过光掩模并且作为扩散气体撞击在耦合器的腰部上 不断补充。 通过在元素中写入初步测试图案然后局部测量测试图案的光谱特性并调整折射背景指数的局部水平，以便使模态折射率为 沿着图案的长度基本上恒定。 尽管通过使用从元件中诱导的荧光得到的反馈信号，位置不精确和时间偏移，相对宽的扫描写入光束在较窄的波导元件上轨迹。 为了根据所选择的功能使光栅变迹，恒定功率光束通过旋转半波片并被偏振分束器分成两束，具有相反变化的直流振幅特性。 两个光束分开变化，以产生光栅所需的变迹曲线。

公开(公告)号：US06724484B2

公开(公告)日：2004-04-20

申请号：US10195699

申请日：2002-07-15

申请人： Julio Martinez ,  Kwang Kim ,  Olga Nedzhvetskaya ,  Doruk Engin ,  Jiten Sarathy ,  Roman Antosik ,  Bharat Dave ,  Michael Evans ,  David Lidsky ,  Ronald Simprini ,  Boris Stefanov ,  Tan Thai

发明人： Julio Martinez ,  Kwang Kim ,  Olga Nedzhvetskaya ,  Doruk Engin ,  Jiten Sarathy ,  Roman Antosik ,  Bharat Dave ,  Michael Evans ,  David Lidsky ,  Ronald Simprini ,  Boris Stefanov ,  Tan Thai

IPC分类号： G01B902

CPC分类号： H04B10/299 ,  H04L7/0075

摘要： A method and circuit are presented for an all-optical format independent preprocessor that processes an arbitrary optical input signal by converting a NRZ signal to a PRZ signal, or if the input optical signal is RZ, by merely amplifying it. The method involves subtracting a delayed copy of the signal from the original, thereby effectively doubling its frequency, and inserting a pulse at each transition of the original signal, whether rising or falling. In a preferred embodiment this stage is implemented via an integrated SOA in each arm of an asymmetric interferometric device. The asymmetry consists of a delay element in one arm. In a preferred embodiment the entire device is fabricated on a semiconductor substrate, allowing for compactness as well as minimization of interconnectivity losses and overall power consumption. The output of the preprocessor, having a significant frequency component at its original clock rate, can then be fed to a clock recovery stage for all-optical clock recovery.

公开(公告)号：US06624924B2

公开(公告)日：2003-09-23

申请号：US10195700

申请日：2002-07-15

申请人： Bharat Dave ,  Doruk Engin ,  Kwang Kim ,  Mohammad Laham ,  Julio Martinez ,  Olga Nedzhvetskaya ,  Jithamithra Sarathy ,  Ronald Simprini ,  Boris Stefanov ,  Tan Buu Thai

发明人： Bharat Dave ,  Doruk Engin ,  Kwang Kim ,  Mohammad Laham ,  Julio Martinez ,  Olga Nedzhvetskaya ,  Jithamithra Sarathy ,  Ronald Simprini ,  Boris Stefanov ,  Tan Buu Thai

IPC分类号： G02F135

CPC分类号： H04B10/299 ,  H04L7/0075

摘要： A method and circuit are presented for the all optical recovery of the clock signal from an arbitrary optical data signal. The method involves two stages. A first stage preprocesses the optical signal by converting a NRZ signal to a PRZ signal, or if the input optical signal is RZ, by merely amplifying it. In a preferred embodiment this stage is implemented via an integrated SOA in each arm of an asymmetric interferometric device. The output of the preprocessing stage is fed to a clock recovery stage, which consists of a symmetric interferometer that locks on to the inherent clock signal by using the second stage input signal to trigger two optical sources to self oscillate at the clock rate. In a preferred embodiment the second stage is implemented via SOAs integrated in the arms of an interferometer, with two DFB lasers as terminuses. The output of the interferometer is an optical clock signal at the clock rate of the original input.

公开(公告)号：US06570697B2

公开(公告)日：2003-05-27

申请号：US09848968

申请日：2001-05-04

申请人： Julio Martinez ,  Kwang Kim ,  Olga Nedzhvetskaya ,  Doruk Engin ,  Jiten Sarathy ,  Roman Antosik ,  Bharat Dave ,  Michael Evans ,  David Lidsky ,  Ronald Simprini ,  Boris Stefanov ,  Tan Thai

发明人： Julio Martinez ,  Kwang Kim ,  Olga Nedzhvetskaya ,  Doruk Engin ,  Jiten Sarathy ,  Roman Antosik ,  Bharat Dave ,  Michael Evans ,  David Lidsky ,  Ronald Simprini ,  Boris Stefanov ,  Tan Thai

IPC分类号： G02B2600

CPC分类号： H04B10/299 ,  H04L7/0075

摘要： A method and circuit are presented for an all-optical format independent preprocessor that processes an arbitrary optical input signal by converting a NRZ signal to a PRZ signal, or if the input optical signal is RZ, by merely amplifying it. The method involves subtracting a delayed copy of the signal from the original, thereby effectively doubling its frequency, and inserting a pulse at each transition of the original signal, whether rising or falling. In a preferred embodiment this stage is implemented via an integrated SOA in each arm of an asymmetric interferometric device. The asymmetry consists of a delay element in one arm. In a preferred embodiment the entire device is fabricated on a semiconductor substrate, allowing for compactness as well as minimization of interconnectivity losses and overall power consumption. The output of the preprocessor, having a significant frequency component at its original clock rate, can then be fed to a clock recovery stage for all-optical clock recovery.

公开(公告)号：US06465153B1

公开(公告)日：2002-10-15

申请号：US09699403

申请日：2000-10-31

申请人： Anthony S. Kewitsch ,  George A. Rakuljic ,  Doruk Engin ,  Seth J. Greenberg ,  Phil A. Willems ,  Xiaolin Tong

发明人： Anthony S. Kewitsch ,  George A. Rakuljic ,  Doruk Engin ,  Seth J. Greenberg ,  Phil A. Willems ,  Xiaolin Tong

IPC分类号： G03C5003

CPC分类号： G02B6/02204 ,  G02B6/02085 ,  G02B6/02109 ,  G02B6/02114 ,  G02B6/02133 ,  G02B6/02138 ,  G02B6/02152 ,  G02B6/0218 ,  G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/12007 ,  G02B6/2835

摘要： Advantageous methodologies are disclosed for embedding periodic patterns in optical waveguide elements such as optical fibers. Polarization independence in an elongated waist region of a coupler can be established by measuring polarization characteristics during fusion and elongation, and controlling the heating and stretching to impart a cross-sectional shape, such as a hybrid dumbbell-ellipsoid produces a polarization insensitive drop wavelength. Alternatively, or additionally, polarization dependence can be minimized by angular deformation of the elements along its light transmissive axis. In addition, an element of relatively low photosensitivity is held in an hydrogen or deuterium environment pressurized to about 1000 to 5000 psi. While the environment is pressurized, a scanning UV beam is transmitted through a photomask and impinges on the coupler waist. In writing the grating, the in-diffused gas is constantly replenished, enabling the grating to grow. Prior to writing the periodic pattern dimensional variations in the element which can affect spectral bandwidth are sensed by writing a test pattern in the element and then locally measuring the spectral properties of the test pattern progressively along the element and adjusting the local level of background index of refraction so that the modal index of refraction is substantially constant, minimizing imperfections in the precision of the wavelength pattern. The scanning writing beam, which can be of substantially larger cross-sectional dimensions than the waveguide element (which may be in the 4-10 micron range) is caused to track on the element despite positional imprecision and temporal shifting by using fluorescence induced in the elements to provide an error signal for positive correction. To apodize the grating in accordance with a selected function, a constant power beam is directed through a rotating half-wave plate and into a polarizing beam splitter, where it is divided into two beams having oppositely varying d.c. amplitude characteristics. One beam is varied by a periodic pattern, and the other beam is free of a periodic pattern. Alternately, a scanner toggles the constant intensity beam between the two beam paths in rapid succession, varying the duty cycle of toggling as the beams scan along the coupler waist to produce the desired apodization profile of the grating.

公开(公告)号：US5665134A

公开(公告)日：1997-09-09

申请号：US487366

申请日：1995-06-07

申请人： Kevin Kirby ,  Doruk Engin ,  Tony Jankiewicz ,  Joe W. Barber

发明人： Kevin Kirby ,  Doruk Engin ,  Tony Jankiewicz ,  Joe W. Barber

IPC分类号： B23K26/00 ,  B23K26/40 ,  B28D1/22 ,  C03B29/02 ,  C03C10/00 ,  C03C23/00 ,  H01Q1/42 ,  C03B33/00 ,  C03B32/00 ,  C03B31/00 ,  C03C19/00

CPC分类号： H01Q1/42 ,  B23K26/40 ,  B28D1/221 ,  C03B29/02 ,  C03C23/0025 ,  B23K2203/52

摘要： Rough machining of a glass-ceramic material article such as a radome is accomplished using a high-power Nd:YAG laser. The radome is rotated about its longitudinal axis, and the point of application of the laser beam is translated generally parallel to the longitudinal axis over either the inside or outside surface of the radome. The Nd:YAG laser preferably operates in a pulsed wave mode with a pulse duration of from about 0.3 to about 3 milliseconds, a pulse frequency of from about 50 to about 500 pulses per second, and a pulse intensity of at least about 3.times.10.sup.4 Watts per square centimeter. After laser rough machining, at least about 0.002 inches of material is removed from the rough-machined surface by a finish machining, preferably mechanical grinding.

摘要翻译： 使用高功率Nd：YAG激光器实现诸如雷达罩的玻璃陶瓷材料制品的粗加工。 雷达罩围绕其纵向轴线旋转，并且激光束的施加点在天线罩的内表面或外表面上大致平行于纵向轴线平移。 Nd：YAG激光器优选以脉冲持续时间为约0.3至约3毫秒的脉冲波模式操作，脉冲频率为约50至约500脉冲/秒，脉冲强度为至少约3×10 4瓦/秒 平方厘米。 在激光粗加工后，通过精加工，优选机械研磨，从粗加工表面去除至少约0.002英寸的材料。

公开(公告)号：US06727991B2

公开(公告)日：2004-04-27

申请号：US10195701

申请日：2002-07-15

申请人： Julio Martinez ,  Kwang Kim ,  Olga Nedzhvetskaya ,  Doruk Engin ,  Jiten Sarathy ,  Roman Antosik ,  Bharat Dave ,  Michael Evans ,  David Lidsky ,  Ronald Simprini ,  Boris Stefanov ,  Tan Thai

发明人： Julio Martinez ,  Kwang Kim ,  Olga Nedzhvetskaya ,  Doruk Engin ,  Jiten Sarathy ,  Roman Antosik ,  Bharat Dave ,  Michael Evans ,  David Lidsky ,  Ronald Simprini ,  Boris Stefanov ,  Tan Thai

IPC分类号： G01B902

CPC分类号： H04B10/299 ,  H04L7/0075

摘要： A method and circuit are presented for an all-optical format independent preprocessor that processes an arbitrary optical input signal by converting a NRZ signal to a PRZ signal, or if the input optical signal is RZ, by merely amplifying it. The method involves subtracting a delayed copy of the signal from the original, thereby effectively doubling its frequency, and inserting a pulse at each transition of the original signal, whether rising or falling. In a preferred embodiment this stage is implemented via an integrated SOA in each arm of an asymmetric interferometric device. The asymmetry consists of a delay element in one arm. In a preferred embodiment the entire device is fabricated on a semiconductor substrate, allowing for compactness as well as minimization of interconnectivity losses and overall power consumption. The output of the preprocessor, having a significant frequency component at its original clock rate, can then be fed to a clock recovery stage for all-optical clock recovery.

摘要翻译： 提出了一种用于全光学格式独立预处理器的方法和电路，其通过仅将其放大来将NRZ信号转换为PRZ信号或者输入光信号是RZ来处理任意的光输入信号。 该方法包括从原始信号中减去信号的延迟副本，从而有效地使其频率加倍，并且在原始信号的每个转换处插入脉冲，无论是上升还是下降。 在优选实施例中，该阶段通过不对称干涉仪装置的每个臂中的集成SOA来实现。 不对称性由一个臂中的延迟元件组成。 在优选实施例中，整个器件制造在半导体衬底上，允许紧凑性以及最小化互连损耗和总功耗。 然后，具有其原始时钟速率的显着频率分量的预处理器的输出可以被馈送到用于全光时钟恢复的时钟恢复阶段。

公开(公告)号：US06678086B2

公开(公告)日：2004-01-13

申请号：US10195766

申请日：2002-07-15

申请人： Bharat Dave ,  Doruk Engin ,  Kwang Kim ,  Mohammad Laham ,  Julio Martinez ,  Olga Nedzhvetskaya ,  Jithamithra Sarathy ,  Ronald Simprini ,  Boris Stefanov ,  Tan Buu Thai

发明人： Bharat Dave ,  Doruk Engin ,  Kwang Kim ,  Mohammad Laham ,  Julio Martinez ,  Olga Nedzhvetskaya ,  Jithamithra Sarathy ,  Ronald Simprini ,  Boris Stefanov ,  Tan Buu Thai

IPC分类号： G02F135

CPC分类号： H04B10/299 ,  H04L7/0075

摘要： A method and circuit are presented for the all optical recovery of the clock signal from an arbitrary optical data signal. The method involves two stages. A first stage preprocesses the optical signal by converting a NRZ signal to a PRZ signal, or if the input optical signal is RZ, by merely amplifying it. In a preferred embodiment this stage is implemented via an integrated SOA in each arm of an asymmetric interferometric device. The output of the preprocessing stage is fed to a clock recovery stage, which consists of a symmetric interferometer that locks on to the inherent clock signal by using the second stage input signal to trigger two optical sources to self oscillate at the clock rate. In a preferred embodiment the second stage is implemented via SOAs integrated in the arms of an interferometer, with two DFB lasers as terminuses. The output of the interferometer is an optical clock signal at the clock rate of the original input.

摘要翻译： 提出了一种用于从任意光数据信号对时钟信号进行全光学恢复的方法和电路。 该方法涉及两个阶段。 第一级通过将NRZ信号转换为PRZ信号，或者如果输入光信号是RZ，则仅通过放大来预处理光信号。 在优选实施例中，该阶段通过不对称干涉仪装置的每个臂中的集成SOA来实现。 预处理阶段的输出被馈送到时钟恢复阶段，时钟恢复阶段包括通过使用第二级输入信号来锁定固有时钟信号的对称干涉仪，以触发两个光源以时钟速率自振荡。 在优选实施例中，第二级通过集成在干涉仪的臂中的SOA实现，其中两个DFB激光器作为终端。 干涉仪的输出是以原始输入的时钟速率的光时钟信号。

公开(公告)号：US06594072B2

公开(公告)日：2003-07-15

申请号：US10195672

申请日：2002-07-15

申请人： Bharat Dave ,  Doruk Engin ,  Kwang Kim ,  Julio Martinez ,  Olga Nedzhvetskaya ,  Jithamithra Sarathy ,  Ronald Simprini ,  Boris Stefanov ,  Tan Buu Thai

发明人： Bharat Dave ,  Doruk Engin ,  Kwang Kim ,  Julio Martinez ,  Olga Nedzhvetskaya ,  Jithamithra Sarathy ,  Ronald Simprini ,  Boris Stefanov ,  Tan Buu Thai

IPC分类号： H01S300

CPC分类号： H04B10/299 ,  H04L7/0075

摘要： A method and circuit are presented for the all optical recovery of the clock signal from an arbitrary optical data signal. The method involves two stages. A first stage preprocesses the optical signal by converting a NRZ signal to a PRZ signal, or if the input optical signal is RZ, by merely amplifying it. In a preferred embodiment this stage is implemented via an integrated SOA in each arm of an asymmetric interferometric device. The output of the preprocessing stage is fed to a clock recovery stage, which consists of a symmetric interferometer that locks on to the inherent clock signal by using the second stage input signal to trigger two optical sources to self oscillate at the clock rate. In a preferred embodiment the second stage is implemented via SOAs integrated in the arms of an interferometer, with two DFB lasers as terminuses. The output of the interferometer is an optical clock signal at the clock rate of the original input.