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    METHODS FOR INCREASING THE PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM MICROBIAL FERMENTATION
    11.
    发明申请
    METHODS FOR INCREASING THE PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM MICROBIAL FERMENTATION 审中-公开
    从微生物发酵中增加乙醇生产的方法

    公开(公告)号：US20080213848A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-09-04

    申请号：US11876312

    申请日：2007-10-22

    Applicant: James L. Gaddy ,  Dinesh K. Arora ,  Ching-Whan Ko ,  John Randall Phillips ,  Rahul Basu ,  Carl V. Wikstrom ,  Edgar C. Clausen

    Inventor： James L. Gaddy ,  Dinesh K. Arora ,  Ching-Whan Ko ,  John Randall Phillips ,  Rahul Basu ,  Carl V. Wikstrom ,  Edgar C. Clausen

    IPC: C12P7/06

    CPC classification number: C12P7/065 ,  C12M21/04 ,  C12M21/12 ,  C12M29/02 ,  C12M29/18 ,  C12M43/02 ,  Y02E50/343

    Abstract: A stable continuous method for producing ethanol from the anaerobic bacterial fermentation of a gaseous substrate containing at least one reducing gas involves culturing in a fermentation bioreactor anaerobic, acetogenic bacteria in a liquid nutrient medium; supplying the gaseous substrate to the bioreactor; and manipulating the bacteria in the bioreactor by reducing the redox potential, or increasing the NAD(P)H TO NAD(P) ratio, in the fermentation broth after the bacteria achieves a steady state and stable cell concentration in the bioreactor. The free acetic acid concentration in the bioreactor is maintained at less than 5 g/L free acid. This method allows ethanol to be produced in the fermentation broth in the bioreactor at a productivity of greater than 10 g/L per day. Both ethanol and acetate are produced in a ratio of ethanol to acetate ranging from 1:1 to 20:1.

    Abstract translation: 从含有至少一种还原气体的气态底物的厌氧细菌发酵生产乙醇的稳定的连续方法包括在液体营养培养基中的发酵生物反应器中厌氧发酵细菌中培养; 将气态基质供应到生物反应器; 并且在细菌在生物反应器中达到稳定状态和稳定的细胞浓度之后通过降低氧化还原电位或增加发酵液中的NAD（P）H TO NAD（P）比来操纵生物反应器中的细菌。 生物反应器中的游离乙酸浓度保持在低于5g / L游离酸。 该方法允许以每天大于10g / L的生产率在生物反应器中的发酵液中生产乙醇。 乙醇和乙酸乙酯均以乙醇与乙酸乙酯的比例为1：1至20：1生产。

    Systems and methods for processing waste materials
    13.
    发明授权
    Systems and methods for processing waste materials 有权
    废物处理系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US07421959B2

    公开(公告)日：2008-09-09

    申请号：US11245794

    申请日：2005-10-07

    Applicant: John P. Whitney ,  Carl V Wikstrom

    Inventor： John P. Whitney ,  Carl V Wikstrom

    IPC: F23B7/00

    CPC classification number: F23G5/006 ,  F23G5/027 ,  F23G5/16 ,  F23G2201/301 ,  F23G2201/302

    Abstract: A multi-step process is provided in which waste material is processed in two or more steps. Specifically, an earlier step of the process heats the waste material at a first temperature. This results in a release of vapors for materials having a boiling point that is lower than the first temperature. A subsequent step of the process heats some or all of the remaining waste material at a second temperature, which is preferably higher than the first temperature. The subsequent heating results in a release of additional vapors for those materials having a boiling point that is lower than the second temperature. A system configured to carry out the process is also disclosed.

    Abstract translation: 提供了一种多步骤处理方法，其中以两个或多个步骤处理废料。 具体地，该方法的较早步骤在第一温度下加热废料。 这导致沸点低于第一温度的材料的蒸气释放。 该方法的后续步骤在优选高于第一温度的第二温度下加热部分或全部剩余的废料。 随后的加热导致沸点低于第二温度的那些材料的附加蒸气的释放。 还公开了一种被配置为执行该过程的系统。

    Microbial process for the preparation of acetic acid, as well as solvent for its extraction from the fermentation broth
    15.
    发明授权
    Microbial process for the preparation of acetic acid, as well as solvent for its extraction from the fermentation broth 失效
    用于制备乙酸的微生物过程以及从发酵液中提取的溶剂

    公开(公告)号：US07196218B2

    公开(公告)日：2007-03-27

    申请号：US10839663

    申请日：2004-05-05

    Applicant: James L. Gaddy ,  Edgar C. Clausen ,  Ching-Whan Ko ,  Leslie E. Wade ,  Carl V. Wikstrom

    Inventor： James L. Gaddy ,  Edgar C. Clausen ,  Ching-Whan Ko ,  Leslie E. Wade ,  Carl V. Wikstrom

    IPC: C07C51/52 ,  B01D11/04 ,  C12P7/54

    CPC classification number: C12P7/54 ,  C07C51/44 ,  C07C51/47 ,  C07C51/48 ,  C07C211/07 ,  C07C53/08

    Abstract: A modified water-immiscible solvent useful in the extraction of acetic acid from aqueous streams is a substantially pure mixture of isomers of highly branched di-alkyl amines. Solvent mixtures formed of such a modified solvent with a desired co-solvent, preferably a low boiling hydrocarbon, are useful in the extraction of acetic acid from aqueous gaseous streams. An anaerobic microbial fermentation process for the production of acetic acid employs such solvents, under conditions which limit amide formation by the solvent and thus increase the efficiency of acetic acid recovery. Methods for the direct extraction of acetic acid and the extractive fermentation of acetic acid also employ the modified solvents and increase efficiency of acetic acid production. Such increases in efficiency are also obtained where the energy source for the microbial fermentation contains carbon dioxide and the method includes a carbon dioxide stripping step prior to extraction of acetic acid in solvent.

    Abstract translation: 用于从水流中萃取乙酸的改性的与水不混溶的溶剂是高度支化的二烷基胺的基本上纯的异构体混合物。 由这种改性溶剂与所需的共溶剂，优选低沸点烃形成的溶剂混合物可用于从含水气流中萃取乙酸。 用于生产乙酸的厌氧微生物发酵方法在限制通过溶剂形成酰胺的条件下使用这种溶剂，从而提高乙酸回收的效率。 乙酸直接萃取方法和乙酸萃取发酵方法也采用改性溶剂，提高乙酸生产效率。 在微生物发酵的能源含有二氧化碳的情况下也可获得这种效率的提高，并且该方法包括在溶剂中萃取乙酸之前的二氧化碳汽提步骤。

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