公开(公告)号：US20090097108A1

公开(公告)日：2009-04-16

申请号：US11920195

申请日：2006-05-12

Applicant: William J. Fox ,  Scott R. Grodevant ,  Christopher C. Distasio

Inventor： William J. Fox ,  Scott R. Grodevant ,  Christopher C. Distasio

IPC: G02B21/06

CPC classification number: A61B5/0068 ,  A61B5/0062 ,  A61B5/0064 ,  A61B5/445 ,  A61B90/20 ,  G02B5/3083 ,  G02B21/0008 ,  G02B21/0028 ,  G02B21/0048 ,  G02B21/0068 ,  G02B21/0072 ,  G02B21/008

Abstract: A confocal microscope having a scanning head in the form of a hand piece (102) which may be placed at selected locations on the body of a patient. A laser beam is scanned in orthogonal (horizontal and vertical) directions by scanners (128, 130) which drive scan mirrors (128a, 130a), which are closely adjacent to each other The optics include an objective lens (138) and a single telescope lens (132, 134). The telescope provides sufficient magnification to overfill the entrance pupil of the objective lens (138) over the entire scan angle produced by the scan mirrors (128a, 130a). The telescope images (has a focus) in the beam path between the mirrors of the scanners, thereby limiting the distance over the entrance pupil of the objective as the beam executes the scan angle. Scanner (128) represents pulse driven resonant scanner (7) which is pulse driven. The pulse duration is controlled to vary the scan angle and obtain dynamic, electronic image zooming without changing the positional relationship of the telescope lenses.

Abstract translation: 一种共焦显微镜，其具有手部形式的扫描头（102），该扫描头可放置在患者身体的选定位置。 通过扫描器（128,130）沿正交（水平和垂直）方向扫描激光束，扫描器驱动彼此紧密相邻的扫描镜（128a，130a）。光学器件包括物镜（138）和单个望远镜 透镜（132,134）。 望远镜提供足够的放大倍率以在由扫描镜（128a，130a）产生的整个扫描角度上覆盖物镜（138）的入射光瞳。 在扫描仪的反射镜之间的光束路径中的望远镜图像（具有焦点），从而当光束执行扫描角度时限制物镜入射光瞳上的距离。 扫描器（128）表示脉冲驱动的脉冲驱动谐振扫描器（7）。 控制脉冲持续时间以改变扫描角度并获得动态的电子图像变焦而不改变望远镜透镜的位置关系。

公开(公告)号：US07321394B1

公开(公告)日：2008-01-22

申请号：US09966043

申请日：2001-09-28

Applicant: Scott R. Grodevant

Inventor： Scott R. Grodevant

IPC: H04N5/20 ,  H04N5/222

CPC classification number: H04N5/2354 ,  G02B21/008 ,  H04N5/243

Abstract: Automatic gain control is provided for a confocal imaging system to improve the quality of images produced by the system. The confocal imaging system utilizes an illumination source, such as a laser, to produce illumination which enables imaging of an object. The automatic gain control is provided by an automatic gain controller which receives a raster scan video of two-dimensional frames of images from the confocal imaging system, converts the raster scan video into pixels, where each pixel has a brightness value, and then counts, in each frame, the number of pixels which are too bright, the number of pixels which are too dim, and the total number of pixels. After each frame is received, the laser of the confocal imaging system is controlled in accordance with signal(s) produced by the automatic gain controller, whereby the power to the illumination source is reduced when the number of pixels too bright exceeds a number representing a first percentage of the total pixels of the frame, and the number of pixels too dim is greater than a number representing a second percentage of the total pixels of the frame, and the power of the illumination source is increased when the number of pixels too dim is less than the number representing the second percentage of the total pixels of the frame, and the number of pixels too bright in the image is less than the number representing the first percentage of the total pixels of the frame. The automatic gain controller may be operative over either the entire frame of the image, or a rectangular region in the image.

Abstract translation: 为共焦成像系统提供自动增益控制，以提高系统产生的图像质量。 共焦成像系统利用诸如激光器的照明源来产生能够成像物体的照明。 自动增益控制由自动增益控制器提供，该自动增益控制器接收来自共焦成像系统的二维图像帧的光栅扫描视频，将光栅扫描视频转换为像素，其中每个像素具有亮度值，然后计数， 在每个帧中，太亮的像素数量，太暗的像素数以及总像素数。 在接收到每个帧之后，根据由自动增益控制器产生的信号来控制共焦成像系统的激光，由此当像素数量太亮超过表示一个 帧的总像素的第一百分比以及太暗的像素数量大于表示帧的总像素的第二百分比的数量，并且当像素数量太暗时照明源的功率增加 小于表示帧的总像素的第二百分比的数字，并且图像中太亮的像素数小于表示帧的总像素的第一百分比的数量。 自动增益控制器可以在图像的整个帧或图像中的矩形区域中操作。

公开(公告)号：US5773816A

公开(公告)日：1998-06-30

申请号：US740343

申请日：1996-10-07

Applicant: Scott R. Grodevant

Inventor： Scott R. Grodevant

IPC: G01J1/44 ,  H01J40/14

CPC classification number: G01J1/44

Abstract: An improved photodetector integrator circuit is provided having a photodetector, such as a photodiode, which produces photocurrent responsive to incident illumination. The photodetector is coupled to an integrator stage which converts the photocurrent into voltage and integrates the voltage over an integration period to provide an output signal. A window comparator in the circuit receives the output signal from the integrator stage and compares the output signal to a first threshold and a second threshold to provide, as a measurement signal, a pulse having a width which corresponds to the time interval over which the output signal increases from the first threshold to the second threshold. In the window comparator, the second threshold is greater than the first threshold. The integrator stage has two inputs coupled across the photodetector which are biased by a bias voltage below the first threshold, and a switch, preferably a mechanical relay, coupled to the integrator stage which when enabled resets the integrator stage to provide its output signal substantially equalling the bias voltage. A programmed microcontroller may also be provided for controlling the switch to reset the integrator stage, determining the time interval corresponding to the width of the pulse, and measuring the photocurrent produced by the photodetector responsive to the determined time interval. The circuit can be used in an optical analyzing instrument, such as spectrophotometer, to increase accuracy for measuring photocurrents.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种改进的光电检测器积分器电路，其具有诸如光电二极管的光电检测器，其产生响应于入射照明的光电流。 光电检测器耦合到积分器级，其将光电流转换成电压并在积分周期上积分电压以提供输出信号。 电路中的窗口比较器接收来自积分器级的输出信号，并将输出信号与第一阈值和第二阈值进行比较，以提供具有对应于时间间隔的宽度的脉冲作为测量信号， 信号从第一阈值增加到第二阈值。 在窗口比较器中，第二阈值大于第一阈值。 积分器级具有耦合在光电检测器两端的两个输入端，偏置电压低于第一阈值，并且耦合到积分器级的开关，优选地是机械继电器，当使能时复位积分器级以提供其输出信号基本相等 偏置电压。 还可以提供编程微控制器来控制开关以复位积分器级，确定对应于脉冲宽度的时间间隔，以及响应于所确定的时间间隔测量由光电检测器产生的光电流。 该电路可用于分光光度计等光学分析仪器，以提高测量光电流的精度。

公开(公告)号：US5440111A

公开(公告)日：1995-08-08

申请号：US268876

申请日：1994-06-30

Applicant: Jay M. Eastman ,  Anna M. Quinn ,  Scott R. Grodevant ,  John A. Boles

Inventor： Jay M. Eastman ,  Anna M. Quinn ,  Scott R. Grodevant ,  John A. Boles

IPC: G06K7/10

CPC classification number: G06K7/10851 ,  G06K7/10584 ,  G06K7/10594 ,  G06K7/10633 ,  G06K7/10683 ,  G06K7/10811 ,  G06K7/10881 ,  G06K2207/1012 ,  G06K2207/1016 ,  G06K2207/1018

Abstract: A unitary hand-held bar code scanner and reader produces an elliptical beam, oriented with its major axis along the direction of the bars, utilizing optics employing far field diffraction effects to shape the beam and maintain its elliptical aspect (length to width ratio) constant over a distance in front of the scanner were bar codes may be located. The optics eliminates parallax even though the photodetector and light source (preferably a laser diode) are located offset from each other on a board on which the optics are mounted. A housing assembly has channels which mount the board therein without shock absorbing devices. A digital microcomputer controller and peripheral devices regulate the optical power output from the laser diode and prevents catastrophic failure, if the electrical current through the laser diode exceeds safe limits. Digital control of the gain of the electronic circuits which provide the signals from which bar code information can be decoded and for the operation and control of a motor for oscillating a deflector which scans the beam across the code are also provided utilizing the microcomputer. The microcomputer also controls interface circuits to provide compatibility with auxiliary equipment and host computers which generate commands and requires data inputs of various polarity and format.

Abstract translation: 单一的手持式条形码扫描器和读取器产生椭圆形光束，其长轴沿着条的方向定向，利用采用远场衍射效应的光学器件来形成光束并保持其椭圆形方向（长宽比）恒定 扫描仪前面的距离可能位于条形码。 即使光电检测器和光源（优选地是激光二极管）在安装光学器件的板上彼此偏移地定位，光学器件消除了视差。 壳体组件具有将板安装在其中而没有减震装置的通道。 如果通过激光二极管的电流超过安全限制，数字微机控制器和外围设备调节激光二极管的光功率输出并防止灾难性故障。 提供可以解码条形码信息的信号的电子电路的增益的数字控制以及用于振荡跨越码的扫描光束的偏转器的电动机的操作和控制也利用微型计算机提供。 微型计算机还控制接口电路以提供与辅助设备和生成命令的主计算机的兼容性，并且需要各种极性和格式的数据输入。

公开(公告)号：US5200597A

公开(公告)日：1993-04-06

申请号：US652158

申请日：1991-02-07

Applicant: Jay M. Eastman ,  Anna M. Quinn ,  Scott R. Grodevant ,  John A. Boles

Inventor： Jay M. Eastman ,  Anna M. Quinn ,  Scott R. Grodevant ,  John A. Boles

IPC: G06K7/10

CPC classification number: G06K7/10851 ,  G06K7/10584 ,  G06K7/10594 ,  G06K7/10633 ,  G06K7/10683 ,  G06K7/10811 ,  G06K7/10881 ,  G06K2207/1012 ,  G06K2207/1016 ,  G06K2207/1018

Abstract: A unitary hand-held bar code scanner and reader produces an elliptical beam, oriented with its major axis along the direction of the bars, utilizing optics employing far field diffraction effects to shape the beam and maintain its elliptical aspect (length to width ratio) constant over a distance in front of the scanner were bar codes may be located. The optics eliminates parallax even though the photodetector and light source (preferably a laser diode) are located offset from each other on a board on which the optics are mounted. A housing assembly has channels which mount the board therein without shock absorbing devices. A digital microcomputer controller and peripheral devices regulate the optical power output from the laser diode and prevents catastrophic failure, if the electrical current through the laser diode exceeds safe limits. Digital control of the gain of the electronic circuits which provide the signals from which bar code information can be decoded and for the operation and control of a motor for oscillating a deflector which scans the beam across the code are also provided utilizing the microcomputer. The microcomputer also controls interface circuits to provide compatibility with auxiliary equipment and host computers which generate commands and requires data inputs of various polarity and format.

Abstract translation: 单一的手持式条形码扫描器和读取器产生椭圆形光束，其长轴沿着条的方向定向，利用采用远场衍射效应的光学器件来形成光束并保持其椭圆形方向（长宽比）恒定 扫描仪前面的距离可能位于条形码。 即使光电检测器和光源（优选地是激光二极管）在安装光学器件的板上彼此偏移地定位，光学器件消除了视差。 壳体组件具有将板安装在其中而没有减震装置的通道。 如果通过激光二极管的电流超过安全限制，数字微机控制器和外围设备调节激光二极管的光功率输出并防止灾难性故障。 提供可以解码条形码信息的信号的电子电路的增益的数字控制以及用于振荡跨越码的扫描光束的偏转器的电动机的操作和控制也利用微型计算机提供。 微型计算机还控制接口电路以提供与辅助设备和生成命令的主计算机的兼容性，并且需要各种极性和格式的数据输入。

公开(公告)号：US09055867B2

公开(公告)日：2015-06-16

申请号：US11920195

申请日：2006-05-12

Applicant: William J. Fox ,  Scott R. Grodevant ,  Christopher C. Distasio

Inventor： William J. Fox ,  Scott R. Grodevant ,  Christopher C. Distasio

IPC: G01B9/02 ,  A61B5/00 ,  G02B21/00

CPC classification number: A61B5/0068 ,  A61B5/0062 ,  A61B5/0064 ,  A61B5/445 ,  A61B90/20 ,  G02B5/3083 ,  G02B21/0008 ,  G02B21/0028 ,  G02B21/0048 ,  G02B21/0068 ,  G02B21/0072 ,  G02B21/008

Abstract: A confocal microscope having a scanning head in the form of a hand piece which may be placed at selected locations on the body of a patient. A laser beam is scanned in orthogonal (horizontal and vertical) directions by scanners which drive scan mirrors, which are closely adjacent to each other. The optics include an objective lens and a telescope lenses that image the objective lens entrance pupil between the scan mirrors. Scanner is a pulse driven resonant scanner which is feed back controlled to maintain scanning rate and can change the scan angle and obtain dynamic, electronic image zooming without changing the positional relationship of the telescope.

Abstract translation: 一种共焦显微镜，其具有手部形式的扫描头，其可以放置在患者身体的选定位置。 通过扫描器在正交（水平和垂直）方向上扫描激光束，扫描仪驱动彼此紧密相邻的扫描镜。 光学元件包括物镜和在扫描镜之间对物镜入射光瞳进行成像的望远镜。 扫描仪是一个脉冲驱动的谐振扫描器，其被反馈控制以保持扫描速率并且可以改变扫描角度并且获得动态的电子图像变焦而不改变望远镜的位置关系。

公开(公告)号：US20080239474A1

公开(公告)日：2008-10-02

申请号：US12154981

申请日：2008-05-29

Applicant: William J. Fox ,  Christopher C. DiStasio ,  Scott R. Grodevant

Inventor： William J. Fox ,  Christopher C. DiStasio ,  Scott R. Grodevant

IPC: G02B21/00

CPC classification number: G02B21/0048 ,  A61B5/0064 ,  A61B5/0068 ,  A61B5/6835 ,  G02B21/0012 ,  G02B21/0028 ,  G02B21/008 ,  G02B21/362

Abstract: A confocal imaging microscope, especially for the cellular imaging of the skin at selected locations, is ergonomic in use, compact, and positionable at the locations thereby providing for patient comfort during imaging. An imaging head (28) is gimble mounted on a multi-axis compound arm (34) to allow for precise placement of a confocal objective (116) extending from the head at selected locations against the skin of the patient while providing for patient comfort. The arm (34) attaches the head to an upright station (10) which may be movable along the floor on which the station is disposed. The station (10) has a platform (16) on which a keyboard (24) and a display (22) for monitoring the images is supported. The station (10) also supports a personal computer (PC) (26) for processing signals providing the images on the display and controlling the microscope. The head (28) contains an integrated assembly of the optical and mechanical components of the microscope. The assembly includes a main chassis plate (82). The optical components are mounted principally on one side of the plate while a PC board (130) is mounted on the opposite side of the plate. The board (130) mounts the electronic components, including interfaces, a microprocessor (222), and drivers (206, 208, 210) for motors (105, 106, 108) which control scanning and may also control fine positioning of the locations being imaged. Controls (50) for the fine positioning and focusing are on the head (28) for ease of use. The head (28) is detachable from the arm for manual disposition which is useful when imaging, not only the skin but other tissues, especially for research in investigating living processes at the cellular level.

Abstract translation: 共焦成像显微镜，特别是用于在选定位置处的皮肤的细胞成像，其在使用中是人体工程学的，紧凑的和可定位的，从而在成像期间提供患者的舒适度。 成像头（28）被安装在多轴复合臂（34）上，以允许在选定位置处从选定位置延伸的聚焦物镜（116）精确地放置在患者皮肤上，同时提供患者舒适度。 臂（34）将头部附接到直立站（10），其可以沿着设置站的地板移动。 站（10）具有平台（16），支撑用于监视图像的键盘（24）和显示器（22）。 站（10）还支持个人计算机（PC）（26），用于处理在显示器上提供图像并控制显微镜的信号。 头部（28）包含显微镜的光学和机械部件的集成组件。 组件包括主底板（82）。 光学部件主要安装在板的一侧，而PC板（130）安装在板的相对侧上。 板（130）安装包括接口的电子部件，微处理器（222）和用于控制扫描的电动机（105,106,108）的驱动器（206,208,210），并且还可以控制位置的精细定位 成像。 用于精细定位和聚焦的控制器（50）位于头部（28）上以便于使用。 头部（28）可从手臂上拆卸，用于手动配置，这对于成像不仅皮肤而且其它组织尤其是用于调查细胞水平的生物过程的研究是有用的。

公开(公告)号：US06194698B1

公开(公告)日：2001-02-27

申请号：US08748562

申请日：1996-11-13

Applicant: James M. Zavislan ,  Scott R. Grodevant

Inventor： James M. Zavislan ,  Scott R. Grodevant

IPC: H01J4014

CPC classification number: G06K7/1092 ,  G06K7/015 ,  G06K7/10722 ,  G06K7/10861 ,  G06K7/14 ,  G07C13/00

Abstract: An electro-optical sensor senses marks on a sheet which travels longitudinally with respect to a printed circuit board, carrying linear arrays of light sources (LEDs) and photodetectors and optics which define zones displaced laterally across the width of a sheet of paper, longitudinal columns of which can contain marks, the presence and absence of which marks is detected by the sensor. The sensor is especially adapted for use in detecting marks which indicate votes on paper ballots in electronic, computerized vote counting apparatus.

Abstract translation: 电光传感器感测相对于印刷电路板纵向移动的片材上的标记，承载光源（LED）和光电检测器和光学器件的线性阵列，所述光学元件和光学器件限定横向跨越纸张宽度的纵向列 其中可以包含标记，传感器检测到哪些标记的存在和不存在。 传感器特别适用于检测在电子计算机投票计数装置中表示投票的标记。

公开(公告)号：US5786581A

公开(公告)日：1998-07-28

申请号：US755354

申请日：1996-11-25

Applicant: Jay M. Eastman ,  Anna Marie Quinn ,  Scott R. Grodevant ,  John A. Boles

Inventor： Jay M. Eastman ,  Anna Marie Quinn ,  Scott R. Grodevant ,  John A. Boles

IPC: G06K7/10 ,  G06K7/12

CPC classification number: G06K7/10851 ,  G06K7/10584 ,  G06K7/10594 ,  G06K7/10633 ,  G06K7/10683 ,  G06K7/10811 ,  G06K7/10881 ,  G06K2207/1012 ,  G06K2207/1016 ,  G06K2207/1018

Abstract: A unitary hand-held bar code scanner and reader produces an elliptical beam, oriented with its major axis along the direction of the bars, utilizing optics employing far field diffraction effects to shape the beam and maintain its elliptical aspect (length to width ratio) constant over a distance in front of the scanner were bar codes may be located. The optics eliminates parallax even though the photodetector and light source (preferably a laser diode) are located offset from each other on a board on which the optics are mounted. A housing assembly has channels which mount the board therein without shock absorbing devices. A digital microcomputer controller and peripheral devices regulate the optical power output from the laser diode and prevents catastrophic failure, if the electrical current through the laser diode exceeds safe limits. Digital control of the gain of the electronic circuits which provide the signals from which bar code information can be decoded and for the operation and control of a motor for oscillating a deflector which scans the beam across the code are also provided utilizing the microcomputer. The microcomputer also controls interface circuits to provide compatibility with auxiliary equipment and host computers which generate commands and requires data inputs of various polarity and format.

Abstract translation: 单一的手持式条形码扫描器和读取器产生椭圆形光束，其长轴沿着条的方向定向，利用采用远场衍射效应的光学器件来形成光束并保持其椭圆形方向（长宽比）恒定 扫描仪前面的距离可能位于条形码。 即使光电检测器和光源（优选地是激光二极管）在安装光学器件的板上彼此偏移地定位，光学器件消除了视差。 壳体组件具有将板安装在其中而没有减震装置的通道。 如果通过激光二极管的电流超过安全限制，数字微机控制器和外围设备调节激光二极管的光功率输出并防止灾难性故障。 提供可以解码条形码信息的信号的电子电路的增益的数字控制以及用于振荡跨越码的扫描光束的偏转器的电动机的操作和控制也利用微型计算机提供。 微型计算机还控制接口电路以提供与辅助设备和生成命令的主计算机的兼容性，并且需要各种极性和格式的数据输入。

公开(公告)号：US5696370A

公开(公告)日：1997-12-09

申请号：US748051

申请日：1996-11-12

Applicant: Edward P. Coleman ,  Scott R. Grodevant

Inventor： Edward P. Coleman ,  Scott R. Grodevant

IPC: G06K7/10

CPC classification number: G06K7/10851 ,  G06K2207/1018

Abstract: A system for bar code reading and scanning is provided having automatic bar code signal size control. The scanner includes a processor which calculates, in response to a signal power level of the symbol which has been read, a first optical power level when the beam is scanned in a first direction and a second optical power output level when the beam is scanned in a second direction. This calculation is responsive to the power level and the detected signal size of the preceding scan.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于条形码读取和扫描的系统，其具有自动条形码信号尺寸控制。 扫描仪包括处理器，该处理器响应于已经读取的符号的信号功率电平计算当光束被扫描时在第一方向扫描光束时的第一光功率水平和当光束被扫描时的第二光功率输出电平 第二个方向。 该计算响应于先前扫描的功率电平和检测到的信号大小。