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公开(公告)号：US6165389A
公开(公告)日：2000-12-26
申请号：US266108
申请日：1999-03-10
IPC分类号： G02F1/061 , G01K11/06 , G01K11/12 , G01L11/02 , G02F1/01 , G02F1/17 , F21V9/00 , G02B5/22 , G02B5/24 , G02F1/00
CPC分类号： G01L11/02 , G01K11/06 , G01K11/12 , G02F1/0147 , G02F1/172 , G02F2201/346 , G02F2202/022
摘要： Devices that comprise novel, mesoscopically periodic materials that combine crystalline colloidal array (CCA) self-assembly with the temperature induced volume phase transitions of various materials, preferably poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) are disclosed. In one embodiment, a PNIPAM CCA is formed in an aqueous media and contained within cell means. In another embodiment, a CCA of charged particles is formed and polymerized in a PNIPAM hydrogel. Methods for making these devices are also disclosed. The devices of the present invention are useful in many applications including, for example, optical switches, optical limiters, optical filters, display devices and processing elements. The devices are further useful as membrane filters. All of these devices have the feature of being tunable in response to temperature. Devices that change diffracted wavelength in response to pressure are also disclosed.
摘要翻译： 公开了包含将晶体胶体阵列（CCA）自组装与各种材料（优选聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺）（PNIPAM））的温度诱导的体积相变的新颖的中视周期性材料的装置。 在一个实施方案中，PNIPAM CCA在水性介质中形成并包含在细胞装置内。 在另一个实施方案中，形成带电粒子的CCA并在PNIPAM水凝胶中聚合。 还公开了制造这些装置的方法。 本发明的装置在许多应用中是有用的，包括例如光开关，光限制器，滤光器，显示装置和处理元件。 这些装置可用作膜过滤器。 所有这些设备都具有响应于温度可调谐的特征。 还公开了响应于压力改变衍射波长的装置。
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公开(公告)号：US6123845A
公开(公告)日：2000-09-26
申请号：US153521
申请日：1998-09-15
申请人： Sanford A. Asher , Jay Henis
发明人： Sanford A. Asher , Jay Henis
CPC分类号： C30B5/00 , B82Y20/00 , C30B29/60 , G02B5/203 , G02B5/206 , G02B6/1225 , G02B6/13 , G02B2006/12109 , G02B2006/12176 , Y10S977/773 , Y10T428/2982
摘要： A method of making a solid filter material which filters a predetermined wavelength band from a broader spectrum of radiation is provided. The method includes creating a colloidal structure composed of particles dispersed within a medium, and introducing a solvent thereto. Thereafter, the solvent is evaporated and the remaining structure solidifies into a solid crystalline array. The particles can also be fused together by polymerization using one of several methods which are provided. In another embodiment, methods of filtering submicron particles have been developed which consists of establishing a gel membrane from a crystalline colloidal array with an interstice size less than or equal to the particles to be filtered are disclosed. The gel membrane may employ anisotropic interstices of submicron size and is stretchable or compressible mechanically. The method also includes stacking a plurality of gel membrane filters so that the material to be filtered sequentially flows through the interstices of the filters leaving different size submicron particles on different levels of said filters. Another embodiment of the invention has a plurality of particles having a positive or negative charge in a lattice and has oppositely charged mobile particles movable into and out of the interstices of the gel membrane. An electric field is employed to move the mobile particles to close or open the interstices of the lattice. The mobile particles can also pump material through the interstices. Decorative uses of the materials are also disclosed.
摘要翻译： 提供了制造从宽范围的辐射过滤预定波段的固体过滤材料的方法。 该方法包括产生由分散在介质中的颗粒构成的胶体结构，并向其中引入溶剂。 此后，蒸发溶剂，剩下的结构固化成固体晶体阵列。 通过使用提供的几种方法之一通过聚合也可将颗粒熔合在一起。 在另一个实施方案中，已经开发了过滤亚微米颗粒的方法，其包括由晶体尺寸小于或等于待过滤颗粒的晶体胶体阵列建立凝胶膜。 凝胶膜可以使用亚微米尺寸的各向异性空隙，并且是机械可拉伸的或可压缩的。 该方法还包括堆叠多个凝胶膜过滤器，使得待过滤的材料依次流过过滤器的间隙，在不同级别的所述过滤器上留下不同尺寸的亚微米颗粒。 本发明的另一个实施方案具有多个在晶格中具有正电荷或负电荷的颗粒，并且具有可移入和移出凝胶膜间隙的相反电荷的可移动颗粒。 使用电场来移动移动颗粒以关闭或打开格子的间隙。 移动颗粒还可以通过间隙泵送材料。 还公开了材料的装饰用途。
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公开(公告)号：US6014246A
公开(公告)日：2000-01-11
申请号：US744586
申请日：1996-11-06
CPC分类号： G01L11/02 , G01K11/06 , G01K11/12 , G02F1/0147 , G02F1/172 , G02F2201/346 , G02F2202/022
摘要： Devices that comprise novel, mesoscopically periodic materials that combine crystalline colloidal array (CCA) self-assembly with the temperature ined volume phase transitions of various materials, preferably poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) are disclosed. In one embodiment, a PNIPAM CCA is formed in an aqueous media and contained within cell means. In another embodiment, a CCA of charged particles is formed and polymerized in a PNIPAM hydrogel. Methods for making these devices are also disclosed. The devices of the present invention are useful in many applications including, for example, optical switches, optical limiters, optical filters, display devices and processing elements. The devices are further useful as membrane filters. All of these devices have the feature of being tunable in response to temperature. Devices that change diffracted wavelength in response to pressure are also disclosed.
摘要翻译： 公开了包含将晶体胶体阵列（CCA）自组装与各种材料（优选聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺）（PNIPAM））的温度诱导的体积相变的新颖的中视周期性材料的装置。 在一个实施方案中，PNIPAM CCA在水性介质中形成并包含在细胞装置内。 在另一个实施方案中，形成带电粒子的CCA并在PNIPAM水凝胶中聚合。 也公开了制造这些装置的方法。 本发明的装置在许多应用中是有用的，包括例如光学开关，光学限制器，滤光器，显示装置和处理元件。 这些装置可用作膜过滤器。 所有这些设备都具有响应于温度可调谐的特征。 还公开了响应于压力改变衍射波长的装置。
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14.发明授权Method of making an optically nonlinear switched optical device and related devices 失效制造光学非线性开关光学器件及相关器件的方法
公开(公告)号：US5737102A
公开(公告)日：1998-04-07
申请号：US529490
申请日：1995-09-18
申请人： Sanford A. Asher
发明人： Sanford A. Asher
CPC分类号： G02B6/1225 , B82Y20/00 , G02F1/3511
摘要： Methods for making a nonlinear optical device and related devices are dissed. The method includes creating an ordered dispersion of charged particles in a surrounding medium. The charged particles and the surrounding medium are chosen such that they initially have identical refractive indices. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, cadmium sulfide inclusions are added to at least one of (a) the particles or (b) the medium. The cadmium sulfide inclusions have a highly nonlinear refractive index. The inclusions are optically nonlinear and upon high intensity radiation the refractive index of the particles change. This change in the refractive index occurs on the order of nanoseconds. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a nonfluorescent dye is incorporated into at least one of (a) the particles or (b) the medium. The dye is photoabsorptive. Upon being impinged with high intensity radiation, the dye absorbs photons and heats the surrounding particles. This temperature increase causes a change in the refractive indices of the particles or medium. When the particle or medium refractive index is altered from that of the medium or particle the array diffracts light and prevents transmission of a specific wavelength. In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, photorefractive materials such as lithium niobate or barium titanate substances can be used to induce the required optical nonlinearity. Related devices are also disclosed which exhibit high speed optical switching properties. The device may be employed advantageously in an optical computer or optical limiter and associated methods.
摘要翻译： 公开了制造非线性光学器件和相关器件的方法。 该方法包括在周围介质中产生带电粒子的有序分散体。 选择带电粒子和周围介质使得它们最初具有相同的折射率。 根据本发明的一个方面，向（a）颗粒或（b）介质中的至少一种添加硫化镉夹杂物。 硫化镉夹杂物具有高度非线性折射率。 夹杂物是光学非线性的，并且在高强度辐射下，颗粒的折射率改变。 折射率的这种变化发生在纳秒级。 根据本发明的另一方面，将非荧光染料掺入（a）颗粒或（b）介质中的至少一种中。 染料是光吸收性的。 当被高强度辐射照射时，染料吸收光子并加热周围的颗粒。 该温度升高导致颗粒或介质的折射率的变化。 当颗粒或介质折射率与介质或颗粒的粒子或介质折射率相比改变时，阵列衍射光并防止特定波长的透射。 根据本发明的另一方面，可以使用诸如铌酸锂或钛酸钡物质的光折射材料来诱导所需的光学非线性。 还公开了展现高速光学开关性能的相关装置。 该装置可以有利地用于光学计算机或光学限制器和相关方法中。
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15.发明授权Method of making an optically nonlinear switched optical device and related devices 失效制造光学非线性开关光学器件及相关器件的方法
公开(公告)号：US5452123A
公开(公告)日：1995-09-19
申请号：US999487
申请日：1992-12-30
CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 , G02B6/1225 , G02F1/3511
摘要： Methods for making a nonlinear optical device and related devices are dissed. The method includes creating an ordered dispersion of charged particles in a surrounding medium. The charged particles and the surrounding medium are chosen such that they initially have identical refractive indices. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, cadmium sulfide inclusions are added to at least one of (a) the particles or (b) the medium. The cadmium sulfide inclusions have a highly nonlinear refractive index. The inclusions are optically nonlinear and upon high intensity radiation the refractive index of the particles change. This change in the refractive index occurs on the order of nanoseconds. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a nonfluorescent dye is incorporated into at least one of (a) the particles or (b) the medium. The dye is photoabsorptive. Upon being impinged with high intensity radiation, the dye absorbs photons and heats the surrounding particles. This temperature increase causes a change in the refractive indices of the particles or medium. When the particle or medium refractive index is altered from that of the medium or particle the array diffracts light and prevents transmission of a specific wavelength. In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, photorefractive materials such as lithium niobate or barium titanate substances can be used to induce the required optical nonlinearity. Related devices are also disclosed which exhibit high speed optical switching properties. The device may be employed advantageously in an optical computer or optical limiter.
摘要翻译： 公开了制造非线性光学器件和相关器件的方法。 该方法包括在周围介质中产生带电粒子的有序分散体。 选择带电粒子和周围介质使得它们最初具有相同的折射率。 根据本发明的一个方面，向（a）颗粒或（b）介质中的至少一种添加硫化镉夹杂物。 硫化镉夹杂物具有高度非线性折射率。 夹杂物是光学非线性的，并且在高强度辐射下，颗粒的折射率改变。 折射率的这种变化发生在纳秒级。 根据本发明的另一方面，将非荧光染料掺入（a）颗粒或（b）介质中的至少一种中。 染料是光吸收性的。 当被高强度辐射照射时，染料吸收光子并加热周围的颗粒。 该温度升高导致颗粒或介质的折射率的变化。 当颗粒或介质折射率与介质或颗粒的粒子或介质折射率相比改变时，阵列衍射光并防止特定波长的透射。 根据本发明的另一方面，可以使用诸如铌酸锂或钛酸钡物质的光折射材料来诱导所需的光学非线性。 还公开了展现高速光学开关性能的相关装置。 该装置可以有利地用于光学计算机或光学限制器中。
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公开(公告)号：US4627689A
公开(公告)日：1986-12-09
申请号：US559437
申请日：1983-12-08
申请人： Sanford A. Asher
发明人： Sanford A. Asher
摘要： A narrow wavelength band filtering device is provided by forming a highly ordered crystalline colloidal structure within a cell. The crystalline colloidal structure is relatively thin and has substantially planar and substantially parallel surface portions. The crystalline colloidal structure is formed by dispersing electrically charged particles, e.g., polystyrene spheres, within an appropriate solvent.
摘要翻译： 通过在单元内形成高度有序的结晶胶体结构来提供窄波长带滤波装置。 结晶胶体结构相对较薄并且具有基本平坦且基本平行的表面部分。 结晶胶体结构通过将带电荷的颗粒例如聚苯乙烯球分散在合适的溶剂中而形成。
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公开(公告)号：US07105352B2
公开(公告)日：2006-09-12
申请号：US10189107
申请日：2002-07-01
CPC分类号： B01J13/00 , B01J13/0065 , G01J3/18 , G01N21/4788 , G01N21/77 , G01N31/222 , G02B26/002 , Y10T436/143333 , Y10T436/144444
摘要： The present invention is related to glucose sensors that are capable of detecting the concentration or level of glucose in a solution or fluid having either low or high ionic strength. The glucose sensors of the present invention comprise a polymerized crystalline colloidal array (PCCA) and a molecular recognition component capable of responding to glucose. The molecular recognition component may be a boronic acid, such as a phenylboronic acid, glucose oxidase, a combination of phenylboronic acid and poly(ethylene)glycol or crown ether, or another component capable of detecting glucose in various fluids and solutions. The glucose sensors of the present invention may be useful in the development of noninvasive or minimally invasive in vivo glucose sensors for patients having diabetes mellitus.
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公开(公告)号：US5944994A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-31
申请号：US876051
申请日：1997-06-04
申请人： Sanford A. Asher , Jay Henis
发明人： Sanford A. Asher , Jay Henis
IPC分类号： C30B5/00 , G02B5/20 , G02B6/12 , G02B6/122 , G02B6/13 , B01D69/02 , B01D71/28 , B01D71/56 , A61K7/043
CPC分类号： C30B5/00 , B82Y20/00 , C30B29/60 , G02B5/203 , G02B5/206 , G02B6/1225 , G02B6/13 , G02B2006/12109 , G02B2006/12176 , Y10S977/773 , Y10T428/2982
摘要： A coating material is provided which has fragments of a gel membrane filter in a liquid. The gel membrane filter has a plurality of electronegative particles provided in an ordered crystalline array. The gel membrane filter has been hardened with a polymer and is embodied in refractive fragments which alter the surface appearance of the resultant coating material. The coating material may be employed as a nail polish or as a paint.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种具有液体中的凝胶膜过滤器的碎片的涂料。 凝胶膜过滤器具有以有序晶体阵列提供的多个电负性颗粒。 凝胶膜过滤器已经用聚合物硬化，并且具有改变所得涂层材料的表面外观的折射片段。 涂料可以用作指甲油或油漆。
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19.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5711884A
公开(公告)日：1998-01-27
申请号：US561162
申请日：1995-11-21
申请人： Sanford A. Asher , Jay Henis
发明人： Sanford A. Asher , Jay Henis
CPC分类号： C30B5/00 , B82Y20/00 , C30B29/60 , G02B5/203 , G02B5/206 , G02B6/1225 , G02B6/13 , G02B2006/12109 , G02B2006/12176 , Y10S977/773 , Y10T428/2982
摘要： A method of making a solid filter material which filters a predetermined wavelength band from a broader spectrum of radiation is provided. The method includes creating a colloidal structure composed of particles dispersed within a medium, and introducing a solvent thereto. Thereafter, the solvent is evaporated and the remaining structure solidifies into a solid crystalline array. The particles can also be fused together by polymerization using one of several methods which are provided. In another embodiment, methods of filtering submicron particles have been developed which consists of establishing a gel membrane from a crystalline colloidal array with an interstice size less than or equal to the particles to be filtered are disclosed. The gel membrane may employ anisotropic interstices of submicron size and is stretchable or compressible mechanically. The method also includes stacking a plurality of gel membrane filters so that the material to be filtered sequentially flows through the interstices of the filters leaving different size submicron particles on different levels of said filters. Another embodiment of the invention has a plurality of particles having a positive or negative charge in a lattice and has oppositely charged mobile particles movable into and out of the interstices of the gel membrane. An electric field is employed to move the mobile particles to close or open the interstices of the lattice. The mobile particles can also pump material through the interstices. Decorative uses of the materials are also disclosed.
摘要翻译： 提供了制造从宽范围的辐射过滤预定波段的固体过滤材料的方法。 该方法包括产生由分散在介质中的颗粒构成的胶体结构，并向其中引入溶剂。 此后，蒸发溶剂，其余结构固化为固体晶体阵列。 通过使用提供的几种方法之一通过聚合也可将颗粒熔合在一起。 在另一个实施方案中，已经开发了过滤亚微米颗粒的方法，其包括由晶体尺寸小于或等于待过滤颗粒的晶体胶体阵列建立凝胶膜。 凝胶膜可以使用亚微米尺寸的各向异性空隙，并且是机械可拉伸的或可压缩的。 该方法还包括堆叠多个凝胶膜过滤器，使得待过滤的材料依次流过过滤器的间隙，在不同级别的所述过滤器上留下不同尺寸的亚微米颗粒。 本发明的另一个实施方案具有多个在晶格中具有正电荷或负电荷的颗粒，并且具有可移入和移出凝胶膜间隙的相反电荷的可移动颗粒。 使用电场来移动移动颗粒以关闭或打开格子的间隙。 移动颗粒还可以通过间隙泵送材料。 还公开了材料的装饰用途。
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公开(公告)号：US5281370A
公开(公告)日：1994-01-25
申请号：US571251
申请日：1990-08-22
申请人： Sanford A. Asher , Sesh Jagannathan
发明人： Sanford A. Asher , Sesh Jagannathan
CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 , C30B29/60 , C30B5/00 , G02B5/203 , G02B5/206 , G02B6/1225 , G02B2006/12109 , G02B2006/12176
摘要： A method of making a solid filter material which filters a predetermined wavelength band from a broader spectrum of radiation includes creating a colloidal structure composed of particles dispersed within a medium, and introducing a solvent thereto. Thereafter, the solvent is evaporated and the remaining structure solidifies into a solid crystalline array. Another embodiment of the method includes electrophoretically attracting the particles in a medium to form an ordered array. The particles can also be fused together by polymerization using one of several methods which are provided. Additionally, one aspect of the invention involves coating the particles with an electrostatically-charged material to facilitate inter-particle interactions.
摘要翻译： 制造从较宽的辐射光谱过滤预定波长带的固体过滤材料的方法包括产生由分散在介质内的颗粒组成的胶体结构，并向其中引入溶剂。 此后，蒸发溶剂，其余结构固化为固体晶体阵列。 该方法的另一实施例包括在介质中电泳吸引颗粒以形成有序阵列。 通过使用提供的几种方法之一通过聚合也可将颗粒熔合在一起。 此外，本发明的一个方面涉及用静电填充材料涂覆颗粒以促进颗粒间相互作用。
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