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公开(公告)号：US5412563A
公开(公告)日：1995-05-02
申请号：US121628
申请日：1993-09-16
CPC分类号： G06T7/0081 , G06T7/0012 , G06T2207/10072 , G06T2207/30016
摘要： In order to display the surfaces of internal structures within a solid body from non-intrusively acquired data sets, it is useful to segment the data sets into the internal structures of interest before searching for the surfaces of such structures. To accomplish this, a data segmentation system uses a plurality of sample data points to construct a statistical probability distribution for a plurality of internal structures. Using these probability distributions, each data point is labeled with the most likely structure identification. Searching the thus-segmented data points for surfaces is considerably faster than is possible with the entire data set and produces surface renditions with fewer anomalies and errors. A non-intrusive imaging means is used to obtain a 3D data set. The probability distribution is bivariate and the two data sets are plotted against each other to assist in identifying tissue types.
摘要翻译： 为了从非侵入式获取的数据集中显示固体内部结构的表面，在搜索这些结构的表面之前将数据集分割成感兴趣的内部结构是有用的。 为了实现这一点，数据分割系统使用多个采样数据点来构建多个内部结构的统计概率分布。 使用这些概率分布，每个数据点都标有最可能的结构标识。 搜索这样分段的数据点的表面比整个数据集可能快得多，并产生具有较少异常和错误的表面渲染。 使用非侵入式成像装置来获得3D数据集。 概率分布是双变量的，并且两个数据集彼此绘制，以帮助识别组织类型。
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12.发明授权System and method for detecting internal structures contained within the interior region of a solid object 失效用于检测包含在固体物体的内部区域内的内部结构的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US5166876A
公开(公告)日：1992-11-24
申请号：US641615
申请日：1991-01-16
IPC分类号： G06T17/00
CPC分类号： G06T17/00
摘要： In a method and apparatus for detecting and displaying arbitrary interior surfaces of a three-dimensional body from a regular array of values of at least one physical property in the interior of the body, the physical property measurements are made with systems such as computerized tomographic x-ray imaging, or magnetic resonance imaging. A recursive algorithm starts with a seed voxel in the surface of interest and continues to all adjacent voxels having a common face which is penetrated by the surface of interest. The common surface penetrations are derived from a look-up table which lists the adjacent voxels having a common penetrated face for each voxel index. The voxel index, in turn, is the string of binary digits representing the voxel vertices whose vertex values exceed the surface value of the surface of interest. The resulting list of voxels can be processed by conventional processors to display the surface of interest with greatly reduced interference from nearby, closely intermingled surfaces with the same or similar surface values.
摘要翻译： 在用于从身体内部的至少一种物理特性的规则数组的数组中检测和显示三维体的任意内表面的方法和装置中，物理特性测量是用诸如计算机断层X 射线成像或磁共振成像。 递归算法从感兴趣的表面中的种子体素开始，并且继续到具有由感兴趣的表面渗透的共同的面的所有相邻体素。 共同的表面穿透是从查找表中得出的，其列出了对于每个体素索引具有公共穿透面的相邻体素。 体素索引又是表示顶点值超过感兴趣表面的表面值的体素顶点的二进制数字串。 所得到的体素列表可以由常规处理器处理，以便以相同或相似的表面值从附近紧密混合的表面大大降低干扰来显示感兴趣的表面。
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13.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4729098A
公开(公告)日：1988-03-01
申请号：US741391
申请日：1985-06-05
CPC分类号： G06T19/003 , G06T2210/41
摘要： A method and apparatus for displaying three dimensional surface images includes the utilization of a case table for rapid retrieval of surface approximation information. Eight cubically adjacent data points associated with a given voxel element are compared with a predetermined threshold value or range to generate an eight bit vector. This eight bit vector is employed to rapidly produce vector lists of approximating surfaces. A non-linear interpolation operation is performed so as to more closely approximate the desired surface and to provide more accurate representations of vectors normal to the desired surface. The accurate representation of these normal directions provides means for accurately representing shading information on a display screen. The method and apparatus of the present invention are particularly useful for the display of medical images both from X-ray generated data and from data generated from various other sources including magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. The present invention provides a means for rapid generation of three dimensional images so as to enable interactive use by medical practitioners.
摘要翻译： 用于显示三维表面图像的方法和装置包括使用用于快速检索表面近似信息的案例表。 将与给定体素元素相关联的八个立方相邻数据点与预定阈值或范围进行比较，以生成八位向量。 该八比特向量用于快速产生近似表面的向量列表。 执行非线性内插操作以更接近近似所需表面并且提供与所需表面垂直的向量的更准确的表示。 这些正常方向的准确表示提供了用于在显示屏上准确地表示阴影信息的手段。 本发明的方法和装置对于从X射线产生的数据和从包括磁共振成像和正电子发射断层摄影的各种其他来源产生的数据中显示医学图像特别有用。 本发明提供了一种用于快速生成三维图像以便能够由医疗人员进行交互使用的手段。
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14.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4791567A
公开(公告)日：1988-12-13
申请号：US907333
申请日：1986-09-15
CPC分类号： G06T17/00 , Y10S378/901
摘要： An apparatus and method for determining connected substructures within a body is disclosed. The system and method are particularly advantageous for use in medical diagnostic imaging applications. In particular, three dimensional regions exhibiting the same tissue type are similarly labeled. The system and method of the present invention is operable in any situation in which three dimensional signal patterns representing the value of one or more physical properties associated with the substructures within a body at regularly spaced grid locations within the body are presented. A subset of the original data may then be provided to a display processor, particularly one employing gradient normal shading for display of three dimensional images. Even more particularly, the present invention is related to a method and system for determining equivalence classes of objects, the objects typically comprising one or two dimensional connected regions found in a planar slice of data from magnetic resonance imaging or x-ray tomography systems.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于确定身体内的连接子结构的装置和方法。 该系统和方法对于在医学诊断成像应用中使用是特别有利的。 特别地，显示相同组织类型的三维区域被类似地标记。 本发明的系统和方法可在任何情况下操作，其中呈现三维信号模式，其中表示与身体内的规则间隔的网格位置处的体内相关联的一个或多个物理属性的值的值。 然后可以将原始数据的子集提供给显示处理器，特别是使用用于显示三维图像的梯度正常着色的处理器。 更具体地说，本发明涉及一种用于确定物体的等效等级的方法和系统，所述方法和系统通常包括在来自磁共振成像或X射线层析成像系统的平面数据片段中发现的一维或二维连接区域。
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15.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4751643A
公开(公告)日：1988-06-14
申请号：US893060
申请日：1986-08-04
CPC分类号： G06T7/0081 , G06T17/00 , G06T7/0097 , G06T2207/10081 , G06T2207/10088 , G06T2207/20101 , G06T2207/20141 , G06T2207/30016 , Y10S378/901
摘要： An apparatus and method for determining connected substructures within a body is disclosed. The system and method are particularly advantageous for use in medical diagnostic imaging applications. In particular, three dimensional regions exhibiting the same tissue type are similarly labeled. Using the label information together with a seed location located in the substructure of interest, all similarly labeled connected data points are determined. The system and method of the present invention is operable in any situation in which three dimensional signal patterns representing the value of one or more physical properties associated with the substructures within a body at regularly grid locations within the body are presented. A subset of the original data is then provided to a display processor particularly one employing gradient normal shading for display of three dimensional images.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于确定身体内的连接子结构的装置和方法。 该系统和方法对于在医学诊断成像应用中使用是特别有利的。 特别地，显示相同组织类型的三维区域被类似地标记。 将标签信息与位于感兴趣子结构中的种子位置一起使用，确定所有类似标记的连接数据点。 本发明的系统和方法可以在任何情况下操作，其中呈现三维信号模式，其中表示在身体内的规则网格位置处的身体内与子结构相关联的一个或多个物理属性的值。 然后将原始数据的子集提供给显示处理器，特别是使用梯度正常阴影显示三维图像的子集。
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16.发明授权Dividing cubes system and method for the display of surface structures contained within the interior region of a solid body 失效用于显示包含在固体的内部区域内的表面结构的分立立方体系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US4719585A
公开(公告)日：1988-01-12
申请号：US770164
申请日：1985-08-28
CPC分类号： G06T17/00
摘要： A system for displaying three dimensional surface structures employs the analysis of voxel elements defined by eight cubically adjacent grid locations which are associated with at least one physical property defined throughout a three dimensional body. The physical property measurements may be made with such systems as computerized tomographic x-ray systems, or magnetic resonance imaging devices. Surface structures are defined by a user selected threshhold value such as distinct values for skin and bone in medical diagnostic applications. Selected voxels are subdivided and means are provided for generating signal values associated with intermediate additional grid locations. Means are also provided for generating surface normal vectors associated with these grid locations. The system of the present invention produces a sequence of signals representative of grid locations throughout the object being investigated together with associated surface normal vectors at these locations, the locations lying on a user selected surface. The system provides smooth, high resolution images which particularly useful for medical diagnostic applications and is particularly useful with conventional display processor hardware used for electronic graphics display. The capabilities of the system additionally provide enhanced flexibility and speed for the convenience of interactive users.
摘要翻译： 用于显示三维表面结构的系统使用由八个立方相邻网格位置定义的体素元素的分析，其与在三维体中定义的至少一个物理属性相关联。 物理性质测量可以用诸如计算机断层X射线系统或磁共振成像装置的系统进行。 表面结构由用户选择的阈值定义，例如医疗诊断应用中皮肤和骨骼的不同值。 选择的体素被细分，提供了用于产生与中间附加网格位置相关联的信号值的装置。 还提供了用于产生与这些网格位置相关联的表面法向量的装置。 本发明的系统产生一系列信号，代表整个物体中的网格位置，以及在这些位置处的相关表面法向量，位于用户选择的表面上的位置。 该系统提供平滑，高分辨率的图像，对于医疗诊断应用特别有用，并且对于用于电子图形显示的常规显示处理器硬件特别有用。 该系统的功能还提供增强的灵活性和速度，以方便交互式用户。
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17.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4525858A
公开(公告)日：1985-06-25
申请号：US455076
申请日：1983-01-03
CPC分类号： G01B11/25
摘要： A fully automatic method for rapidly and unambiguously interpreting fringe patterns, including those having branched fringes, is provided. The information from the fringe patterns processed by the method of the invention can be used in testing, surface characterization and inspection applications. Further processing of the information from the two-dimensional fringe patterns yields information from which the three-dimensional surface can be quantitatively reconstructed for further use such as for display, as in microscopy, or as input for computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacture. Apparatus for conducting the method of the invention is also provided.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于快速且明确地解释边缘图案的全自动方法，包括具有分支边缘的条纹图案。 通过本发明方法处理的条纹图案的信息可用于测试，表面表征和检验应用。 来自二维条纹图案的信息的进一步处理产生信息，三维表面可以从该三维表面定量重建用于进一步的使用，例如显微镜，或作为计算机辅助设计和计算机辅助制造的输入 。 还提供了用于实施本发明的方法的设备。
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18.发明授权Method and apparatus for converting computed tomography (CT) data into finite element models 失效将计算机断层摄影（CT）数据转换为有限元模型的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5345490A
公开(公告)日：1994-09-06
申请号：US722989
申请日：1991-06-28
IPC分类号： G06T17/20 , G01N23/083 , G06F15/31
CPC分类号： G06T17/20 , Y10S378/901
摘要： A method and apparatus for converting computed tomography (CT) data into finite element models. The system generates both 2-D and 3-D models using the automatic mesh generators, QUADTREE and OCTREE, which are founded on recursive spatial decomposition. Multiple slices of CT data are obtained by scanning the object to be modeled. The slices are stacked and processed to form a discrete solid model. The discrete solid model is an alternate geometry defined discretely rather than with continuous analytic curves and surfaces but still provides a foundation for automatic mesh generation. Since the QUADTREE and OCTREE automatic mesh generators map naturally to the discrete solid model, the integration of CT technology and automatic mesh generation can be achieved.
摘要翻译： 一种用于将计算机断层摄影（CT）数据转换为有限元模型的方法和装置。 该系统使用基于递归空间分解的自动网格生成器QUADTREE和OCTREE生成二维和三维模型。 通过扫描要建模的对象获得多个CT数据。 将切片堆叠并处理以形成离散的实体模型。 离散实体模型是离散定义的替代几何，而不是连续的分析曲线和曲面，但仍然为自动网格生成提供了基础。 由于QUADTREE和OCTREE自动网格生成器自然映射到离散实体模型，可以实现CT技术和自动网格生成的集成。
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公开(公告)号：US5542036A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-30
申请号：US270882
申请日：1994-07-05
CPC分类号： G06T17/10
摘要： A method of determining surfaces of swept volumes, which defines a region reserved for the removal of an object, or the motion of an object, is determined employing implicit modeling. A definition of an object and the trajectory in which it is to be moved are provided to the swept surface display device. An implicit model is created by determining shortest distance from each voxel of a object volume to a surface point of the object. A workspace volume has voxels each initialized with distances which are much larger than any distance envisioned. The implicit model space voxels are transformed relative to the workspace voxels according to the trajectory at a time t. Workspace voxels are updated with corresponding implicit model space voxels when the value of the implicit model space voxel is lower than the workspace voxel value. The implicit model space voxels are transformed relative to the workspace voxels for another time t and the number of workspace voxels are again updated. This process is repeated for a number of times, t, to result in workspace voxel values which reflect the closest each voxel would be to the surface of the object as it is swept through the trajectory. All workspace voxels having a predefined distance value are identified and a surface is constructed. This is the surface of the swept volume having a clearance defined by the predefined distance.
摘要翻译： 使用隐式建模来确定确定扫描体积的表面的方法，其定义保留用于移除对象的区域或物体的运动。 被扫描表面显示装置提供对象的定义和移动对象的轨迹。 通过确定从对象体积的每个体素到对象的表面点的最短距离来创建隐式模型。 工作空间体积具有每个初始化的像素，其距离远远大于任何设想的距离。 根据时间t的轨迹，隐式模型空间体素相对于工作空间体素进行变换。 当隐式模型空间体素的值低于工作空间体元值时，工作空间体素将更新为相应的隐式模型空间体素。 隐含的模型空间体素相对于工作空间体素被转换另外一个时间t，并且再次更新了工作空间体素的数量。 该过程重复多次，以产生反映最接近每个体素的工作空间体素值，当它被扫过轨迹时，该体素值将与对象的表面最接近。 识别具有预定距离值的所有工作空间体素并构建表面。 这是扫掠体积的表面具有由预定距离限定的间隙。
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20.发明授权Apparatus and method for improvement of 3D images derived from tomographic data 失效用于改进从断层数据得到的3D图像的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US4831528A
公开(公告)日：1989-05-16
申请号：US118628
申请日：1987-11-09
CPC分类号： G06T17/00
摘要： Data in tomographic images is convolved with a low-pass filter to reduce the maximum spatial frequency permitting unique mapping of surface images to a rasterized display. The filter may use linear or other weighting. Re-sampling after the filter is optional. The filtered tomographic data is employed to determine the locations and normal vectors of the surface. The locations and normal vectors employed by a computer graphics processor for applying shading in relation to the angle between the normal vector to a surface element and an operator- defined line of sight to the surface.
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