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    Monolith reactor containing a plurality of flow passages and method for carrying out biological reactions
    16.
    发明授权
    Monolith reactor containing a plurality of flow passages and method for carrying out biological reactions 失效
    包含多个流动通道的整体反应器和进行生物反应的方法

    公开(公告)号：US4948728A

    公开(公告)日：1990-08-14

    申请号：US166258

    申请日：1988-03-10

    申请人： Gregory Stephanopoulos ,  Julia A. Kornfield ,  Gerald E. Voecks

    发明人： Gregory Stephanopoulos ,  Julia A. Kornfield ,  Gerald E. Voecks

    IPC分类号： C12M1/40

    CPC分类号： C12M47/10 ,  C12M23/20 ,  C12M23/24 ,  C12M29/04 ,  Y10S435/813 ,  Y10S435/818

    摘要： Biological reactions are carried out with a unitary structure, preferably formed of a ceramic material, having a plurality of flow passages including first and second sets of flow passages arranged so that individual passages of the first set are adjacent individual passages of the second set and are separated by walls formed of the ceramic material. The ceramic material is porous to provide mass transfer of gaseous oxygen and biological reaction products while containing liquid in the second set of passages. Walls of the passages may be covered with a gaseous oxygen permeable membrane. Inside walls of the second set of passages may coated with a compound adapted to immobilize biological reaction materials. In a biological reaction, the first set of passages are contacted with a fluid such as an air stream to provide gaseous oxygen, and a fluid flow such as a nutrient medium is established through the second set of flow passages whereby an oxygen flow producing gradient is produced through the porous ceramic material between the first and second sets of flow passages to supply oxygen for cells immobilized on inside walls of the second set of flow passages.

    摘要翻译： 生物反应采用整体结构进行，优选由陶瓷材料形成，其具有多个流动通道，其包括第一组和第二组流动通道，其布置成使得第一组的各个通道相邻于第二组的各个通道，并且分别是 由陶瓷材料形成的壁分隔开。 陶瓷材料是多孔的，以提供气态氧和生物反应产物的质量传递，同时在第二组通道中含有液体。 通道的壁可以用气体氧气渗透膜覆盖。 第二组通道的内壁可涂覆有适于固定生物反应材料的化合物。 在生物反应中，第一组通道与诸如空气流的流体接触以提供气态氧，并且通过第二组流动通道建立流体流如营养培养基，由此产生氧气的梯度为 通过第一组和第二组流动通道之间的多孔陶瓷材料产生，以便为固定在第二组流动通道的内壁上的细胞供应氧气。

    Functionalized polymers using protected thiols
    17.
    发明授权
    Functionalized polymers using protected thiols 有权
    使用受保护的硫醇的官能化聚合物

    公开(公告)号：US07847019B2

    公开(公告)日：2010-12-07

    申请号：US12251708

    申请日：2008-10-15

    申请人： Ralph L. David ,  Julia A. Kornfield

    发明人： Ralph L. David ,  Julia A. Kornfield

    IPC分类号： A61K47/48

    CPC分类号： C07C327/32 ,  C07C319/02 ,  C07D209/86 ,  C07D213/32 ,  C07D213/59 ,  Y02P20/55 ,  C07C323/12

    摘要： A process for the preparation of functional molecules using the thiol-ene coupling reaction and a process for the preparation of protected functional thiols, specifically thioesters is provided. The methods may be used to make functional polymers and other molecules. The method of making a functionalized polymer using a thiol-ene reaction comprises: providing a functionalized thioester having the following formula: wherein R is a functional group and COR′ is a protecting group; cleaving the functionalized thioester, forming a functional thiol and an acyl group; providing a polymer having a pendant vinyl group; and reacting the polymer with the functional thiol whereby a functionalized polymer is formed, wherein the functional thiol is not isolated prior to reacting with the polymer.

    摘要翻译： 提供了使用硫醇 - 烯偶联反应制备功能分子的方法和制备受保护的官能硫醇，特别是硫酯的方法。 该方法可用于制备功能性聚合物和其它分子。 使用硫醇 - 烯反应制备官能化聚合物的方法包括：提供具有下式的官能化硫酯：其中R是官能团，COR'是保护基; 切断官能化硫酯，形成功能硫醇和酰基; 提供具有乙烯基侧基的聚合物; 并使聚合物与官能硫醇反应，由此形成官能化聚合物，其中功能性硫醇在与聚合物反应之前不分离。

    Polarization modulation laser scanning microscopy
    18.
    发明授权
    Polarization modulation laser scanning microscopy 失效
    极化调制激光扫描显微镜

    公开(公告)号：US5457536A

    公开(公告)日：1995-10-10

    申请号：US222737

    申请日：1994-04-04

    申请人： Julia A. Kornfield ,  Vinay Gupta ,  Axel Kratel

    发明人： Julia A. Kornfield ,  Vinay Gupta ,  Axel Kratel

    IPC分类号： G01J4/00

    CPC分类号： G02B21/0068 ,  G01J4/00 ,  G02B21/008 ,  G02B21/0092

    摘要： A polarization-modulation scanning laser microscope includes a conventional laser scanning microscope, which has been improved by addition of: a polarization state generator; a polarization state analyzer; a photo-detector for receiving laser light transmitted though a sample; a signal demodulator providing two signals in response to the transmitted laser light, one of the signals being indicative of polarization orientation, and the other signal being indicative of magnitude of the transmitted polarized light. A relay interface toggles between the two signals provided by the signal demodulator and at least one other signal provided either by the photodiode of the laser scanning microscope, or by an external optical beam induced current, or both. A signal processing unit provides an image output to a display device.

    摘要翻译： 偏振调制扫描激光显微镜包括常规的激光扫描显微镜，其通过添加极化状态发生器而得到改进： 极化状态分析仪; 用于接收通过样品传输的激光的光电检测器; 信号解调器，响应于发射的激光提供两个信号，其中一个信号表示偏振取向，另一个信号表示透射的偏振光的大小。 继电器接口在由信号解调器提供的两个信号之间切换，以及由激光扫描显微镜的光电二极管或由外部光束感应电流提供的至少一个其它信号或两者。 信号处理单元向显示装置提供图像输出。

    Functionalized polymers using protected thiols
    19.
    发明授权
    Functionalized polymers using protected thiols 有权
    使用受保护的硫醇的官能化聚合物

    公开(公告)号：US08283438B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-10-09

    申请号：US12961136

    申请日：2010-12-06

    申请人： Ralph L. David ,  Julia A. Kornfield

    发明人： Ralph L. David ,  Julia A. Kornfield

    IPC分类号： C08C2/04

    CPC分类号： C07C327/32 ,  C07C319/02 ,  C07D209/86 ,  C07D213/32 ,  C07D213/59 ,  Y02P20/55 ,  C07C323/12

    摘要： A process for the preparation of functional molecules using the thiol-ene coupling reaction and a process for the preparation of protected functional thiols, specifically thioesters is provided. The methods may be used to make functional polymers and other molecules. The method of making a functionalized polymer using a thiol-ene reaction comprises: providing a functionalized thioester having the following formula: wherein R is a functional group and COR′ is a protecting group; cleaving the functionalized thioester, forming a functional thiol and an acyl group; providing a polymer having a pendant vinyl group; and reacting the polymer with the functional thiol whereby a functionalized polymer is formed, wherein the functional thiol is not isolated prior to reacting with the polymer.

    摘要翻译： 提供了使用硫醇 - 烯偶联反应制备功能分子的方法和制备受保护的官能硫醇，特别是硫酯的方法。 该方法可用于制备功能性聚合物和其它分子。 使用硫醇 - 烯反应制备官能化聚合物的方法包括：提供具有下式的官能化硫酯：其中R是官能团，COR'是保护基; 切断官能化硫酯，形成功能硫醇和酰基; 提供具有乙烯基侧基的聚合物; 并使聚合物与官能硫醇反应，由此形成官能化聚合物，其中功能性硫醇在与聚合物反应之前不分离。