Abstract:
A process for the synthesis of fluorinated organic compounds and a reagent suitable for use in the process. The process is carried out by exchange with fluorides, while preferably agitating the reaction medium with ultrasonic sound.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for the synthesis of a halogen substituted aryl nitrile, where the halogens are selected from Cl, Br, or I, by reacting an aryl dihalide with a halogen/fluoride exchange reactant to produce a halogen substituted aryl fluoride which is then reacted with a fluoride/cyanide exchange reactant to produce the halogen substituted aryl nitrile.
Abstract:
A process for the hemihydrogenation of aliphatic dinitriles to the corresponding aminonitriles using hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, a strong inorganic base and water is disclosed. Using the disclosed process, a selectivity for the desired aminonitriles of at least 60% can be achieved.
Abstract:
The present invention concerns a process for the hydroxyalkylation of a carbocyclic aromatic ether. The invention preferably relates to the preparation of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol by the hydroxymethylation of guaiacol. It also concerns the oxidation of the hydroxyalkylated ethers obtained, in particular the oxidation of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol to 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, commonly known as "vanillin". The process for the hydroxyalkylation of a carbocyclic aromatic ether of the invention consists of reacting the aromatic ether with a carbonyl compound in the presence of a catalyst and is characterized in that the hydroxyalkylation reaction is carried out in the presence of an effective quantity of a zeolite.
Abstract:
A process for the hydrogenation of halogenonitro-aromatic compounds wherein said compounds are contacted with a nickel-, cobalt- or iron-based catalyst, preferably Raney nickel, and hydrogen in the presence of a sulfur-containing compound. Preferably, the sulfur-containing compound is a sulfoxide or sulfone, and the molar ratio of the sulfur-containing compound to the catalyst ranges from about 1:1 to 10:1.
Abstract:
The invention relates to chemical compounds and their use as catalysts in the solvolysis of alkyl halides. The chemical compounds, when dry, have formula (I):(EO.sub.4 M).multidot.(Imp)p (I)wherein E is selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth, and is preferably phosphorus, and M is a metal or a mixture of metals.Imp corresponds to a basic impregnating compound consisting of alkaline earth metal, or preferably alkali metal, and their mixtures in combination with a counter-anion to ensure electrical neutrality.The coefficient p is between 10.sup.-2 and 1/3.
Abstract:
The invention concerns a method of sulphonation characterised in that it consists in contacting a nucleophile whose nucleophilic atom is a nitrogen atom with a reagent comprising by successive or simultaneous addition: a heavy sulphonyl halide (i.e. whose atomic number is not less than that of chlorine), advantageously suphonyl chloride; and an organic base both not capable of alkylation and lipid soluble; and the organic part of said sulphonyl is perfluorinated on the carbon carried by the sulphur. The invention is applicable to organic synthesis.
Abstract:
The present invention includes a process for the preparation of a lactam by vapor phase reaction of an aliphatic aminonitrile with water in the presence of a solid catalyst, wherein the catalyst is an alumina having a specific surface, measured by the BET method, greater than or equal to 10 m2/g. The alumina catalyst is further characterized by either: (a) a specific surface less than or equal to 280 m2/g, and a volume of pores with a diameter greater than 500 Å which is greater than or equal to 10 ml/100 g; or (b) a specific surface greater than or equal to 50 m2/g and less than or equal to 280 m2/g, and a volume of pores with a diameter greater than 70 Å which is greater than or equal to 30 m2/g.
Abstract:
A process for the preparation of halide compounds, preferably aryl halides, by contacting a gaseous mixture of hydrohalic acid and a compound selected from an aryl halogen formate, an aryl carbonate and equivalents thereof with a Lewis acid catalyst.
Abstract:
The present invention concerns a process for acylation of an aromatic compound. The acylation process of the invention consists of reacting the aromatic compound with an acylation agent in the presence of a zeolitic catalyst, and is characterized in that it consists of: mixing the aromatic compound and the acylation compound in any manner; passing said mixture over a catalytic bed comprising at least one zeolite; recirculating the reaction mixture from the catalytic bed over the catalytic bed for a number of times which is sufficient to obtain the desired degree of conversion of the substrate.