Abstract:
A process for producing an alkylated aromatic product having high selectivity to the thermodynamically preferred isomer by contacting meta-xylene and a C.sub.13 to C.sub.20 alpha-olefinic compound at a reaction temperature of about 40.degree. to about 80.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst comprising an aluminum halide and elemental iodine.
Abstract:
Process is disclosed for the one reaction step preparation of 2-pyrrolidone by contacting with hydrogen, ammonia, at least one diluent and a catalyst consisting essentially of palladium on alumina; wherein the molar ratio of ammonia to succinic acid on succinic anhydride is about 1:1 to about 10:1.
Abstract:
A one-step method for the reductive amination of a heterocyclic to produce a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic. The feedstock is contacted with a mixed metal catalyst in which the metal comprises palladium and one of ruthenium, rhodium or rhenium.
Abstract:
A process for the production of .epsilon.-caprolactone wherein 4-penten-1-ol is reacted carbon monoxide in the presence of a ligand-stabilized Pd(II) catalyst complexed with a Group IVB metal halide.
Abstract:
The present invention discloses processes for forming polythiol compositions from olefinic hydrocarbons such as cyclooctadiene, cyclododecatriene, and trivinylcyclohexane. The polythiol compositions produced from these processes, including the sulfur-containing compounds of these compositions, also are described.
Abstract:
Polythiourethane polymer compositions, methods of making the polythiourethane polymer compositions, and methods of using the polythiourethane polymer compositions are provided. The polythiourethane can be produced by contacting a thiol ester composition and an isocyanate to produce a mixture and then heating the mixture to produce the polythiourethane polymer. In some embodiments, the thiol ester compositions include thiol esters, hydroxy thiol esters, and cross-linked thiol esters.
Abstract:
In a process to make dithiodiglycol by oxidation of β-mercaptoethanol with sulfur, an improved product is recovered when a 1-10 mol % excess of β-mercaptoethanol is used and hydrogen sulfide is removed by vacuum or nitrogen sparge. A typical product contains 88.1 mol % (92.0 wt %) dithiodiglycol, 2.3 mol % (2.9 wt %) trithiodiglycol and 9.6 mol % (5.1 wt %) unreacted β-mercaptoethanol. Reaction of this product with 35 to 50 wt % solution hydrogen peroxide reduces residual β-mercaptoethanol to less than 0.02 wt % mercaptan. Residual water of about 3.6 wt % after hydrogen peroxide treatment is reduced to less than 1 wt % by vacuum stripping and/or nitrogen sparge or with a wiped film evaporator.
Abstract:
A process is provided to produce a 2-alkene product from a 1-alkene-containing feed stream. The process comprises contacting the 1-alkene-containing feed stream in a reactor zone to isomerize the 1-alkene-containing feed stream to produce the 2-alkene product. More specifically, a process is provided to produce a 2-butene product from a 1-butene containing feed stream.
Abstract:
A process which can be used to produce an organic disulfide is provided. The process comprises contacting a mercaptan in the presence of an oxygen-containing fluid, a catalyst, optionally a cocatalyst, and further optionally a solvent or a surfactant or combination of a solvent and surfactant under a condition sufficient to oxidize the mercaptan to an organic disulfide.
Abstract:
Thiol ester compositions, methods of making the thiol ester compositions, and methods of using the thiol ester compositions are provided. In some embodiments, the thiol ester compositions include thiol esters, hydroxy thiol esters and cross-linked thiol esters. The thiol ester composition can be used to produce cross-linked thiol esters, sulfonic acid-containing esters, sulfonate containing esters and thioacrylate containing esters. The thiol ester compositions can be used to produce polythiourethanes. The polythiourethanes can be used in fertilizers and fertilizer coatings.